1D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Micro/Nanocrystals: Fabrication, Assembly, and Optoelectronic Applications

Abstract

1D perovskite micro/nanocrystals (1D PMCs) have captured the interest of scientists because they have fascinating properties and many potential technological applications. In comparison to polycrystalline perovskite films, 1D PMCs with well‐defined crystal structures possess larger carrier mobilities, higher photoluminescence quantum yields, and longer carrier diffusion lengths, making them an attractive system for both fundamental research and device applications. Here, recent developments in the controllable fabrication of 1D PMCs with excellent optoelectronic properties are described. Special attention is paid to methods for the aligned/patterned assembly of 1D PMCs, including evaporation‐induced self‐assembly, meniscus‐assisted self‐assembly, confinement self‐assembly, and template‐guided self‐assembly methods. Recent progress in the use of 1D PMCs in photodetectors, lasers, light‐emitting diodes, and solar cells is also reviewed. Finally, the challenges and outlook of 1D PMCs in future device applications are presented.

Recent Advances in Perovskite Photodetectors for Image Sensing

“…[78,79] Therefore, 1D perovskite materials, such as MWs and NWs, have also been extensively studied as photosensitive materials in photodetectors. [21] Since image sen sors are formed by photodetector arrays, the fabrication of 1D perovskite networks or arrays is very important for the applica tion of image sensing.…”

“…[14][15][16][17][18] Commonly, the crystal structure of metal halide perovskites can be described as ABX 3 (Figure 1a), where A is a monovalent organic or inorganic cation (e.g., HC(NH 2 ) 2 + (FA + ), CH 3 NH 3 + (MA + ), Cs + , or Rb + ), B is a divalent metal cation (e.g., Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ge 2+ , or Mn 2+ ), and X is a mon ovalent halide anion (e.g., Cl − , Br − , or I − ). [18][19][20][21][22] Similar to the synthesis methods of organic semiconductors, metal halide perovskites can be synthesized by a solution process with simple Earthabundant precursors or deposited by a vapor phase method with relatively low evaporation temperatures, which is beneficial to fabricate lowcost and flexible optoelec tronic devices. [23,24] Moreover, the bandgap of perovskites can be adjusted widely ranging from visible to nearinfrared (NIR) region via varying the halide or cation composition.…”

Precise Patterning of Organic Semiconductor Crystals for Integrated Device Applications

“…Organic semiconductor crystals (OSCCs) with intrinsic lack of defects and grain boundaries exhibit high charge transport efficiency, long exciton diffusion length, and lifetime, which has received ever‐increasing interest for optoelectronic device applications, such as organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and photodetectors . Over the past 30 years, impressive advancements in the carrier mobility of OSCCs have been achieved, as shown in Figure .…”

Perovskite Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Stability, and Optoelectronic Applications

“…The PDs have the functions of capturing optical signals and converting them into electrical signals, which are crucial for various industrial and scientific applications, including biomedical sensing, imaging, defense, and optical communications. [ 185–187 ] Perovskite material has the merits of excellent optoelectronic properties, such as highly efficient absorption, ambipolar charge‐transport characteristics, long carrier diffusion length, high dielectric constant, and ferroelectric polarization, making it a potential candidate for PDs application. In addition, the low‐cost solution‐processed fabrication methods benefit the large‐scale production and commercialization, to some extent, which makes it more competitive comparing with the most widespread inorganic semiconductors such as Si and GaN.…”