2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: Effects on Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation, c-Myc expression, DNA damage and apoptosis

Influence of environmental factors on the electrocatalytic dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on nTiN doped Pd/Ni foam electrode

“…However, 2,4-D is a potent mutagenic agent [3] and has been of great environmental concern due to its toxicological effects on living organisms [4]. 2,4-D has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC, group 2B) [5]. Thus, it is important to develop efficient methods for the removal of 2,4-D from the environment to ensure public health safety.…”

Oxidative Stress Induced by the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Herbicide

“…In mammalian cells in vitro, 2,4-D inhibits cell growth, protein and DNA synthesis, and arrests cells in the G/S phase of the cell cycle (Rivarola et al, 1985). Later, Maire et al (2007), in their study on mammalian cells, showed that DNA damage detected by the comet assay could be related to oxidative stress. 2,4-D was found to induce oxidative stress, a mechanism responsible for DNA damage measured by the comet assay in fish (Martinez-Tabche et al, 2004).…”

Herbicides in Argentina. Comparative Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects on Mammalian Cells Exerted by Auxinic Members

“…Whereas the herbicide induced DNA adducts on Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Teixeira et al, 2004), negative results were obtained for the induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes (Charles et al, 1999). When tested for its carcinogenic potential, the transformation assay in Syrian hamster embryo assay gave positive results (Maire et al, 2007). Induction of DNA single-strand breaks estimated by the alkaline comet assay was evaluated in normal and transformed cells exposed in vitro to 2,4-D. González et al (2005), Maire et al (2007), and Sandal and Yilmaz (2010) observed an increased frequency of DNA primary lesions in CHO and SHE cells as well as in human lymphocytes.…”

“…When tested for its carcinogenic potential, the transformation assay in Syrian hamster embryo assay gave positive results (Maire et al, 2007). Induction of DNA single-strand breaks estimated by the alkaline comet assay was evaluated in normal and transformed cells exposed in vitro to 2,4-D. González et al (2005), Maire et al (2007), and Sandal and Yilmaz (2010) observed an increased frequency of DNA primary lesions in CHO and SHE cells as well as in human lymphocytes. On the other hand, negative results were also revealed when this end-point was assayed on the same cell type by others researchers (Sorensen et al, 2005;Sandal & Yilmaz, 2010).…”