2.5 Gbit/s free space optical link over 4.4 km

Nykolak, G.; Szajowski, Paul F.; Tourgee, G. E.; Presby, H.M.

doi:10.1049/el:19990377

Cited by 56 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The market forces behind FSO networks include (Willebrand and Ghuman, 2002;Nykolak, 1999;LightPointe;Epple and Henniger, 2007): (1) Increasing demand for bandwidth: Demand for bandwidth has been increasing exponentially for the past few years. Service providers have been struggling to keep up with such high demand, with DWDM being used to meet that need.…”

Section: Major Market Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Space Optical Communications: An Overview

Sadiku

Musa

Nelatury

2016

ESJ

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Bridging the so-called "last mile" in communication networks has revived keen interest in free-Space Optics (FSO), also known as fiber-free or fiberless optics, which is a technology that transports data via laser technology. It is a line-of-sight technology that currently enables optical transmission up to 2.5 Gbps of data, voice and video through the air at long distances (4km), allowing optical connectivity without deploying fiber-optic cable or securing spectrum licenses. It is moving closer to being a realistic alternative to laying fiber in access networks. This paper presents an introduction to FSO and the current state of its technology.

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Section: Major Market Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Space Optical Communications: An Overview

Sadiku

Musa

Nelatury

2016

ESJ

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“…The optical signal returned by an MRR scales as (1) where Plaser is the power in the interrogating laser, Dretro is the optical aperture of the retro-reflector, Drec is the diameter of the interrogator's receive telescope, q div is the divergence of the outgoing beam from the interrogator, R is the range, N ext is the extinction ratio of the modulator , a mod is the absorption in the modulator , L mod is the thickness of the modulator and a atm is the absorption or scattering loss in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Scaling Rules For Modulating Retro-reflectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cat's eye multiple quantum-well modulating retro-reflector

Rabinovich

Mahon

Goetz

et al. 2003

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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“…In operation a conventional free space optical communications terminal [1], the interrogator, is used on one end of the link to illuminate the MRR on the other end of the link with a cw beam. The MRR imposes a modulation on the interrogating beam and passively retroreflects it back to the interrogator.…”

Section: Modulating Retro-reflectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus the larger the MRR aperture the more light from the interrogating beam it captures and the narrower its' return beam divergence is. The optical signal returned by an MRR scales as (1) where P laser is the power in the interrogating laser, D retro is the optical aperture of the retro-reflector, D rec is the diameter of the interrogator's receive telescope, q div is the divergence of the outgoing beam from the interrogator, R is the range, N ext is the extinction ratio of the modulator, a mod is the absorption in the modulator , L mod is the thickness of the modulator and a atm is the absorption or scattering loss in the atmosphere. Eq.…”

Section: Scaling Rules For Modulating Retro-reflector Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cat's eye quantum well modulating retroreflectors for free-space optical communications

et al. 2003

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Modulating retro-reflectors (MRR) couple passive optical retro-reflectors with electro-optic modulators to allow free-space optical communication with a laser and pointing/acquisition/tracking system required on only one end of the link. In operation a conventional free space optical communications terminal, the interrogator, is used on one end of the link to illuminate the MRR on the other end of the link with a cw beam. The MRR imposes a modulation on the interrogating beam and passively retro-reflects it back to the interrogator. These types of systems are attractive for asymmetric communication links for which one end of the link cannot afford the weight, power or expense of a conventional free-space optical communication terminal. Recently, MRR using multiple quantum well (MQW) modulators have been demonstrated using a large area MQW placed in front of the aperture of a corner-cube.For the MQW MRR, the maximum modulation can range into the gigahertz, limited only by the RC time constant of the device. This limitation, however, is a serious one. The optical aperture of an MRR cannot be too small or the amount of light retro-reflected will be insufficient to close the link. For typical corner-cube MQW MRR devices the modulator has a diameter between 0.5-1 cm and maximum modulation rates less than 10 Mbps. In this paper we describe a new kind of MQW MRR that uses a cat's eye retro-reflector with the MQW in the focal plane of the cat's eye. This system decouples the size of the modulator from the size of the optical aperture and allows much higher data rates. A 40 Mbps device has been demonstrated.

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2.5 Gbit/s free space optical link over 4.4 km

Cited by 56 publications

References 3 publications

Free Space Optical Communications: An Overview

Free Space Optical Communications: An Overview

A cat's eye multiple quantum-well modulating retro-reflector

Cat's eye quantum well modulating retroreflectors for free-space optical communications

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