2.5-Myr Australopithecus boisei from west of Lake Turkana, Kenya

Walker, Alan; Leakey, Richard E.; Harris, John; Brown, F.

doi:10.1038/322517a0

Cited by 286 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…One individual in the small sample of P. aethiopicus, the KNM-WT 17000 cranium (49), deserves special comment. Its left M2 has a δ 13 C value of −0.3‰, indicating a C 4 -dominated diet (ca.…”

Section: Evolution Of Hominin Diets Between 4 and 14 Ma In Eastern Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotope-based diet reconstructions of Turkana Basin hominins

Cerling

Manthi

Mbua

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

178

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Hominin fossil evidence in the Turkana Basin in Kenya from ca . 4.1 to 1.4 Ma samples two archaic early hominin genera and records some of the early evolutionary history of Paranthropus and Homo . Stable carbon isotopes in fossil tooth enamel are used to estimate the fraction of diet derived from C 3 or C 4 resources in these hominin taxa. The earliest hominin species in the Turkana Basin, Australopithecus anamensis , derived nearly all of its diet from C 3 resources. Subsequently, by ca . 3.3 Ma, the later Kenyanthropus platyops had a very wide dietary range—from virtually a purely C 3 resource-based diet to one dominated by C 4 resources. By ca . 2 Ma, hominins in the Turkana Basin had split into two distinct groups: specimens attributable to the genus Homo provide evidence for a diet with a ca . 65/35 ratio of C 3 - to C 4 -based resources, whereas P. boisei had a higher fraction of C 4 -based diet ( ca . 25/75 ratio). Homo sp. increased the fraction of C 4 -based resources in the diet through ca . 1.5 Ma, whereas P. boisei maintained its high dependency on C 4 -derived resources.

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Section: Evolution Of Hominin Diets Between 4 and 14 Ma In Eastern Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotope-based diet reconstructions of Turkana Basin hominins

Cerling

Manthi

Mbua

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

178

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“…The human fossil record includes an impressive diversity in craniofacial morphology (Stringer and Trinkaus, 1981;Rak, 1983;Walker et al, 1986;Brunet et al, 2002;Brown et al, 2004;Kimbel et al, 2004). Not surprisingly, these fossils have generated much discussion about craniofacial adaptations to biting and chewing.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element analysis in functional morphology

et al. 2005

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This article reviews the fundamental principles of the finite element method and the three basic steps (model creation, solution, and validation and interpretation) involved in using it to examine structural mechanics. Validation is a critical step in the analysis, without which researchers cannot evaluate the extent to which the model represents or is relevant to the real biological condition. We discuss the method's considerable potential as a tool to test biomechanical hypotheses, and major hurdles involved in doing so reliably, from the perspective of researchers interested in functional morphology and paleontology. We conclude with a case study to illustrate how researchers deal with many of the factors and assumptions involved in finite element analysis.

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“…2.5 Ma. 16,19 Along with Omo 18.18 and others, these specimens have been suggested as possible representatives of a second megadont taxon in East Africa, Paranthropus aethiopicus, which was geologically older than P. boisei. They therefore have particular relevance to the debate about the origin and subsequent evolution of megadont archaic hominins.…”

Section: History Of Discoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Zinjanthropus boisei

Constantino

Wood

2007

Evolutionary Anthropology

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Many people assume that OH 5, the type specimen of Paranthropus boisei, collected in 1959, was the first evidence of that taxon to be found, but OH 3, recovered in 1955, predated the discovery of OH 5 by four years. Thus, Paranthropus boisei recently celebrated the equivalent of its fiftieth birthday. This review marks that milestone by examining the way our understanding of this taxon has changed during its fifty, or so, year history.

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2.5-Myr Australopithecus boisei from west of Lake Turkana, Kenya

Cited by 286 publications

References 13 publications

Stable isotope-based diet reconstructions of Turkana Basin hominins

Stable isotope-based diet reconstructions of Turkana Basin hominins

Finite element analysis in functional morphology

The Evolution of Zinjanthropus boisei

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