2 Molecular Approaches to Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Functioning

Franken, Philipp; Waschke, Astrid; Requena, Natalia

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30826-0_2

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 135 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…After the formation of these structures, the arbuscules may degenerate and form somewhere else. Extraradicular mycelium forms other spores to store genetic information (Franken et al, 2012). And the cycle resumes, in the grassland ecosystem with the help of extraradicular mycelium several plant species are interconnected (Bonneau, 2019), thus intervening in the stability of the primary and secondary structure of the species of grassland plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlighting the Structures and Patterns of Fungal Colonization in the Species Festuca rubra

et al. 2022

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Grasslands are the most dynamic ecosystems are characterized by high biodiversity both above-ground and underground. The biggest problem in these ecosystems is oligotrophy. The phenomenon affects the stability and resilience of these ecosystems, increasing the impact of biological processes. The symbiotic relationship between plants and mycorrhizas is a natural option with a great impact on maintaining the high natural value of ecosystems. This article aims rating colonization Festuca rubra, dominant in a mountain grassland ecosystem. Roots were cleared and stained with ink for the detection of mycorrhizas in roots. All root samples were analyzed with an optical microscope for the detection of mycorrhizal structures. The results obtained highlight a main mycorrhizal pattern as well as specific subcategories. Both types of arbuscules were identified: Arum and Paris. The results obtained highlight a main mycorrhizal pattern as well as specific subcategories. Vesicles are structures with a constant lack of consistency, which indicates their fluctuating nature. The mycorrhizal pattern of Festuca rubra as the dominant species in the pratol ecosystem may be the first step towards a more detailed understanding of the fungal strategy as well as the increased importance in the stability of the pratol ecosystem.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlighting the Structures and Patterns of Fungal Colonization in the Species Festuca rubra

et al. 2022

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Future challenges and perspectives for applying microbial biotechnology in sustainable agriculture based on a better understanding of plant-microbiome interactions

Barea

2015

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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An intensive agricultural production is necessary to satisfy food requirements for the growing world population. However, its realization is associated with the mass consumption of non-renewable natural resources and with the emission of greenhouse gases causing climate changes. The research challenge is to meet sustainable environmental and economical issues without compromising yields. In this context, exploiting the agroecosystem services of soil microbial communities appears as a promising effective approach. This chapter reviews the research efforts aimed at improving a sustainable and healthy agricultural production through the appropriate management of soil microorganisms. First, the plant-associated microbiome is briefly described. Then, the current research technologies for formulation and application of inocula based on specific beneficial plant-associated microbes are summarized. Finally, the perspectives and opportunities to manage naturally existing microbial populations, including those non-culturable, are analyzed. This analysis concerns: (i) a description of the already available, culture-independent, molecular techniques addressed at increasing our understanding of root-microbiome interactions; (ii) how to improve the ability of soil microbes for alleviating the negative impacts of stress factors on crop productivity; and (iii) whether plants can structure their rootassociated microbial communities and, leading on from this, whether the rhizosphere can be engineered (biased) to encourage beneficial organisms, while prevent presence of pathogens.

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Nutrient cycling in the mycorrhizosphere

Azcón‐Aguilar

Barea

2015

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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Optimizing the turnover and recycling of nutrients, a fundamental issue for the sustainability and productivity of agro-ecosystems is depending on the functionality of a framework of plant-soil interactions where microbial populations are involved. Both mutualistic symbionts and saprophytic microorganisms living at the root-soil interfaces, the rhizosphere, or in the plant-associated soil, are recognized as essential drivers of nutrient cycling, availability and capture. Among the mutualistic symbionts, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are one of the most influential groups of soil biota because after establishing the AM symbiosis with most plant species they enhance plant nutrient uptake properties. Saprophytic microorganisms are recognized for their abilities to propel nitrogen (N) fixation and/or phosphorus (P) mobilization, two fundamental processes for sustain plant productivity. Mycorrhiza establishment changes the biological and physical-chemical properties of the rhizosphere, developing the socalled mycorrhizosphere. Particularly relevant is the mycorrhizosphere of legume plants since it also involves the symbiosis with N 2-fixing nodulating rhizobial bacteria. In this overview of mycorrhizosphere interactions related to nutrient cycling, after describing the protagonist microorganisms, the mechanisms responsible for nutrient acquisition by AM-plants are first analyzed. Then, the processes involved in mycorrhizosphere establishment and functions are described. Finally, the achievements derived from managing selected AM fungi and beneficial bacteria interactions (mycorrhizosphere tailoring) are discussed. The use of 15 N and 32 P to elucidate the contribution of the mycorrhizosphere components to plant nutrient acquisition is detailed.

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2 Molecular Approaches to Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Functioning

Cited by 3 publications

References 135 publications

Highlighting the Structures and Patterns of Fungal Colonization in the Species Festuca rubra

Highlighting the Structures and Patterns of Fungal Colonization in the Species Festuca rubra

Future challenges and perspectives for applying microbial biotechnology in sustainable agriculture based on a better understanding of plant-microbiome interactions

Nutrient cycling in the mycorrhizosphere

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