2-oxo-PCE: ketamine analogue on the streets

Chong, YK; Tang, Magdalene Huen Yin; Chan, CL; Li, YK; Ching, Chor Kwan; Mak, Tony Wing Lai

doi:10.12809/hkmj177089

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…One of the striking findings of this study was the surge in NPS use in 2017, which was mostly accounted for by the outbreak of 2-oxo-PCE, also known as deschloro-N-ethyl-ketamine late that year. 4,12 Putting aside these cases of 2-oxo-PCE, a steady rise in the overall number and variety of NPS detected is still appreciable over the years, which is alarming given the likely underestimation of NPS use (discussed below).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

9-year review of new psychoactive substance use in Hong Kong: A clinical laboratory perspective

Tang

Hung

Lai

et al. 2018

Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine

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Background: New psychoactive substances are constantly evolving structural analogues of traditional drugs of abuse that have become a threat to public health worldwide and within our locality. An understanding of the local pattern of new psychoactive substance use will help guide frontline clinical management. Objectives: This study was conducted to review the new psychoactive substances detected in cases referred to the authors' laboratory (a tertiary clinical toxicology centre), as well as the associated clinical features and toxicological findings. Methods: All cases referred to the laboratory for toxicology analysis between January 2009 and December 2017, and which were analytically confirmed to involve new psychoactive substance use, were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, clinical features and toxicology findings were studied. Results: A total of 111 cases involving 104 patients and 22 types of new psychoactive substances were identified, with an increasing trend in the number of cases and subclass of new psychoactive substances detected. Up to half of the cases (n = 64) were related to the use of 2-phenyl-2-(ethylamino)-cyclohexanone (2-oxo-PCE, a ketamine analogue); other new psychoactive substances detected included para-methoxymethamphetamine, 4-fluoroamphetamine, phenazepam, 3-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine, 5-methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine, 2-diphenylmethylpyrrolidine, methoxyphenidine, the N-methoxybenzyl drugs, cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids and opioids. Among the acute poisoning cases attributable to new psychoactive substance use, the severity was fatal (n = 3), severe (n = 17), moderate (n = 67) and minor (n = 17). And 11 patients required intensive care unit admission. All three fatal cases were associated with paramethoxymethamphetamine use. Conclusion: A rising trend of new psychoactive substance use is observed locally, which is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Continued vigilance from frontline clinicians and medical professionals is imperative in the combat against new psychoactive substance use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

9-year review of new psychoactive substance use in Hong Kong: A clinical laboratory perspective

Tang

Hung

Lai

et al. 2018

Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine

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“…We have previously reported an outbreak affecting 52 patients involving a ketamine analogue, 2-oxo-PCE, which is much more potent than ketamine and caused more severe clinical adverse effects. 1,2 We report the recent identification of two other ketamine analogues, 2-fluoro-deschloroketamine [2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone] and deschloroketamine (2-phenyl-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone), in urine samples of two unrelated ketamine abusers.…”

Section: Ketamine Analogues Multiplying In Hong Kongmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine analogues multiplying in Hong Kong

Lai²,

Tang

et al. 2019

Hong Kong Med J

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“…Laboratory analysis of the urine specimens of all these cases detected the presence of 2-oxo-PCE. 16…”

Section: A Cluster Of Deschloro-n-ethylnorketamine Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hong Kong Poison Information Centre: Annual report 2017

Lau

Chow

Chan

et al. 2018

Hong Kong j. emerg. med.

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Objectives: To report and analyse the poisoning data of Hong Kong Poison Information Centre in 2017. Methods: In 2017, all poisoning cases received by Hong Kong Poison Information Centre were retrieved from its database (Poison Information and Clinical Management System) for analysis. Results: A total of 3956 poisoned cases were analysed. There were 1789 male patients (45.2%), 2159 female patients (54.6%) and 8 sex-unspecified patients (0.2%). The majority of cases (59.9%) were between 20 and 59 years old. The common causes of poisoning were suspected self-harm/suicidal attempt (36.2%), unintentional exposure (18.6%) and abusive substance use (13.7%). Excluding the common co-ingestant ethanol, the five commonest types of poison were benzodiazepines, paracetamol, zopiclone, Chinese herbal medicine and household products. Most patients were managed with supportive measures, while 17.4% and 13.2% of consultation cases were treated by decontamination and antidotes, respectively. The majority of the cases had uneventful recovery; 1.1% resulted in death and 4.3% had major outcomes. A total of 13 interesting cases and 1 poisoning outbreak were discussed. Conclusion: This 12th annual report provided the updated epidemiological information on poisoning pattern in Hong Kong and highlighted important changes in comparison with our previous reports.

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2-oxo-PCE: ketamine analogue on the streets

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

9-year review of new psychoactive substance use in Hong Kong: A clinical laboratory perspective

9-year review of new psychoactive substance use in Hong Kong: A clinical laboratory perspective

Ketamine analogues multiplying in Hong Kong

Hong Kong Poison Information Centre: Annual report 2017

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