2003: A centennial of spinthariscope and scintillation counting

Kolář, Z.; Hollander, W. den

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.03.056

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The photons emitted from the scintillator on a-particle absorption had a peak wavelength of 450 nm. Zinc sulfide was known as a scintillator already in 1903, when Crookes (13,14) used his Spinthariscope to visualize individual scintillations caused by a-particles.…”

Section: Description Of Imaging Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The α-Camera: A Quantitative Digital Autoradiography Technique Using a Charge-Coupled Device for Ex Vivo High-Resolution Bioimaging of α-Particles

2010

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Bioconjugates used in internal radiotherapy exhibit heterogeneous distributions in organs and tumors, implying a risk of nonuniform dose distribution in therapeutic applications using a-particle emitters. Tools are required that provide data on the activity distribution for estimation of absorbed dose on a suborgan level. The a-camera is a quantitative imaging technique developed to detect a-particles in tissues ex vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of this imaging system and to exemplify its potential use in the development of a-radioimmunotherapy. Methods: The a-camera combines autoradiography with a scintillating technique and optical registration by a charge-coupled device (CCD). The imaging system characteristics were evaluated by measurements of linearity, uniformity, and spatial resolution. The technique was applied for quantitative imaging of 211 At activity distribution in cryosections of tumors, kidney, and whole body. Intratumoral activity distributions of tumor-specific 211 At-MX35-F(ab9) 2 were studied at various times after injection. The postinjection activity distributions in the renal cortex and whole kidneys were compared for 211 At-F(ab9) 2 and 211 At-IgG trastuzumab. Results: Quantitative analysis of a-camera images demonstrated that the pixel intensity increased linearly with activity in the imaged specimen. The spatial resolution was 35 6 11 mm (mean 6 SD) and the uniformity better than 2%. Kidney cryosections revealed a higher cortex-to-whole kidney ratio for 211 At-F(ab9) 2 than for 211 At-IgG (1.38 6 0.03 and 0.77 6 0.04, respectively) at 2 h after injection. Nonuniform intratumoral activity distributions were found for tumor-specific 211 At-MX35-F(ab9) 2 at 10 min and 7 h after injection; after 21 h, the distribution was more uniform. Conclusion: The characteristics of the a-camera are promising, suggesting that this bioimaging system can assist the development, evaluation, and refinement of future targeted radiotherapy approaches using a-emitters. The a-camera provides quantitative data on the activity distribution in tissues on a near-cellular scale and can therefore be used for small-scale dosimetry, improving the prediction of biologic outcomes with a-particles with short path length and high linear energy transfer. Promi sing results from preclinical studies (1-6) and pilot clinical trials (7,8) have increased the interest in clinical applications using a-emitting radionuclides for the treatment of cancer. The high linear energy transfer (LET) of a-particles yields a potent method of killing cancer cells. The short path length of a-particles in tissues (50-70 mm) is an advantage if the bioconjugate can be targeted specifically to tumor cells. In combination, the high LET and the short path length can make a-particle therapy an effective treatment of micrometastases and small tumors.Because of the short range of a-particles and the heterogeneous distributions of the targeting molecules, the resulting dose distributions within organs and tumor tissues can...

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Section: Description Of Imaging Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The α-Camera: A Quantitative Digital Autoradiography Technique Using a Charge-Coupled Device for Ex Vivo High-Resolution Bioimaging of α-Particles

2010

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“…Additionally, in 1903 William Crookes invented a device for observing individual nuclear disintegrations, called the spinthariscope (from the Greek word scintillation), using radium salt suspended above a zinc sulfide screen [13,14]. A magnifying lens and the human eye serves as the imaging detector for the spinthariscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The iQID camera: An ionizing-radiation quantum imaging detector

Miller

Gregory

Fuller

et al. 2014

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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We have developed and tested a novel, ionizing-radiation Quantum Imaging Detector (iQID). This scintillation-based detector was originally developed as a high-resolution gamma-ray imager, called BazookaSPECT, for use in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Recently, we have investigated the detector’s response and imaging potential with other forms of ionizing radiation including alpha, neutron, beta, and fission fragment particles. The confirmed response to this broad range of ionizing radiation has prompted its new title. The principle operation of the iQID camera involves coupling a scintillator to an image intensifier. The scintillation light generated by particle interactions is optically amplified by the intensifier and then re-imaged onto a CCD/CMOS camera sensor. The intensifier provides sufficient optical gain that practically any CCD/CMOS camera can be used to image ionizing radiation. The spatial location and energy of individual particles are estimated on an event-by-event basis in real time using image analysis algorithms on high-performance graphics processing hardware. Distinguishing features of the iQID camera include portability, large active areas, excellent detection efficiency for charged particles, and high spatial resolution (tens of microns). Although modest, iQID has energy resolution that is sufficient to discriminate between particles. Additionally, spatial features of individual events can be used for particle discrimination. An important iQID imaging application that has recently been developed is real-time, single-particle digital autoradiography. We present the latest results and discuss potential applications.

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“…Among the brightest is ZnS:Ag,Cl which produces so much scintillation light that alpha particles can be detected by the naked eye [1]. This also demonstrates that in semiconductors slow charged particles are almost as efficient in producing scintillation light as fast charged particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bright and ultra-fast scintillation from a semiconductor?

Derenzo

Bourret-Courshesne

Bizarri

et al. 2016

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Semiconductor scintillators are worth studying because they include both the highest luminosities and shortest decay times of all known scintillators. Moreover, many semiconductors have the heaviest stable elements (Tl, Hg, Pb, Bi) as a major constituent and a high ion pair yield that is proportional to the energy deposited. We review the scintillation properties of semiconductors activated by native defects, isoelectronic impurities, donors and acceptors with special emphasis on those that have exceptionally high luminosities (e.g. ZnO:Zn, ZnS:Ag,Cl, CdS:Ag,Cl) and those that have ultra-fast decay times (e.g. ZnO:Ga; CdS:In). We discuss underlying mechanisms that are consistent with these properties and the possibilities for achieving (1) 200,000 photons/MeV and 1% fwhm energy resolution for 662 keV gamma rays, (2) ultra-fast (ns) decay times and coincident resolving times of 30 ps fwhm for time-of-flight positron emission tomography, and (3) both a high luminosity and an ultra-fast decay time from the same scintillator at cryogenic temperatures.

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2003: A centennial of spinthariscope and scintillation counting

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

The α-Camera: A Quantitative Digital Autoradiography Technique Using a Charge-Coupled Device for Ex Vivo High-Resolution Bioimaging of α-Particles

The α-Camera: A Quantitative Digital Autoradiography Technique Using a Charge-Coupled Device for Ex Vivo High-Resolution Bioimaging of α-Particles

The iQID camera: An ionizing-radiation quantum imaging detector

Bright and ultra-fast scintillation from a semiconductor?

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