2011: 50th Anniversary of the Discovery of the Genetic Code

Erdmann, Volker A.; Barciszewski, Jan

doi:10.1002/anie.201103895

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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Section: The Fibonacci Numbers and The Multiplet Structure Of The Stamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marshall Nirenberg died in January 2010. For an historical account, one could also read the interesting hereafter cited paper, by Erdmann and Barciszewski, written at the occasion of the "50 th Anniversary of the Discovery of the Genetic Code" (Erdmann and Barciszewski, 2011), where the authors summarize the achievements, and the key experiments, that led to its discovery. Before proceeding to the main subject of this section, let us recall, briefly, some basic facts about the (standard) genetic code mathematical structure and present also, for the first time, a new formula.…”

Section: The Fibonacci Numbers and The Multiplet Structure Of The Sta...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Mathematical Model for the Genetic Code(s) Based on Fibonacci Numbers and their q-Analogues

Négadi¹

2015

Neuroquantology

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This work aims at showing the relevance and the applications possibilities of the Fibonacci sequence, and also its q-deformed or "quantum" extension, in the study of the genetic code(s). First, after the presentation of a new formula, an indexed double Fibonacci sequence, comprising the first six Fibonacci numbers, is shown to describe the 20 amino acids multiplets and their degeneracy as well as a characteristic pattern for the 61 meaningful codons. Next, the twenty amino acids, classified according to their increasing atom-number (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur), exhibit several Fibonacci sequence patterns. Several mathematical relations are given, describing various atom-number patterns. Finally, a q-Fibonacci simple phenomenological model, with q a real deformation parameter, is used to describe, in a unified way, not only the standard genetic code, when q=1, but also all known slight variations of this latter, when q~1, as well as the case of the 21 st amino acid (selenocysteine) and the 22nd one (pyrrolysine), also when q~1. As a by-product of this elementary model, we also show that, in the limit q=0, the number of amino acids reaches the value 6, in good agreement with old and still persistent claims stating that life, in its early development, could have used only a small number of amino acids.

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Section: The Fibonacci Numbers and The Multiplet Structure Of The Stamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Fibonacci Numbers and The Multiplet Structure Of The Sta...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Model for the Genetic Code(s) Based on Fibonacci Numbers and their q-Analogues

Négadi¹

2015

Neuroquantology

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“…The greatest advances of the 20th century took place with the advent of the discovery of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick. 22 This led to a greater understanding of the detailed mechanisms of cancer, answering some questions and leading to a number of others (Figure 27,28). Also, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has evolved over the last half century from experimental bone marrow transplantation for patients with incurable leukemia or bone marrow failure to standard of care for a broad range of patients with congenital or acquired disorders of the hematopoietic system or radio-, chemo-or immune-sensitive malignancies.…”

Section: Milestones In the Diagnosis And Treatment Of Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicine in Philately Hematology and Oncology with Stamps

Ataman¹

2013

UHOD

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The importance given to blood and the understanding of cancer are the two oldest features of medical history. These two concepts are combined in our current description as hematologic oncology. Today the three main types of blood cancer are known as lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma. Each varies slightly in terms of treatment, prognosis and symptoms. Beginning from the discovery of blood circulation and blood grouping, with many new techniques in diagnosis and treatment modalities; the approach to hematology and oncology evolved a lot. This paper provides an overview to the main historical aspects of hematology and leukemia through philately.Keywords: Hematology, Leukemia, Pathology, History, Philately ÖZET Filatelide T›p, Pullarla Hematoloji ve OnkolojiKana verilen önem ve kanserin tan›nmas› t›p tarihinin en eski iki olgusudur. Bu iki kavram günümüzde hematolojik onkoloji tan›m›yla biraraya getirilmifltir. Bugün bilinen üç kan kanseri türü lenfoma, lösemi ve multiple myeloma olarak s›n›fland›r›lmaktad›r. Her biri tedavi prognoz ve semptomlar aç›s›ndan farkl›l›klar göstermektedir. Hematoloji ve onkoloijiye yaklafl›m›m›z gerek kan dolafl›-m› ve kan gruplar›n›n keflfi gerekse tan› ve tedaviye yönelik birçok yeni tekni¤in geliflmesiyle birlikte köklü bir evrime u¤ram›flt›r. Bu ça-l›flma hematoloji ve löseminin temel tarihsel sürecine filateli arac›l›¤› ile genel bir bak›fl sunmay› hedeflemektedir.

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“…In contrast, nature uses 4 different types of nucleotides, denoted by the one-letter symbols A, T, C and G, for making DNA. Similarly, 4 types of nucleotides used for making RNA are A, U, C, and G. Discovering the genetic code [3] that connects the 4-letter alphabet of the polynucleotides with the 20-letter alphabet of the polypeptides was one of the greatest puzzle-solving exercise in molecular biology of the 20th century. Messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) together form the group of "core" RNAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Template-Directed Biopolymerization: Tape-Copying Turing Machines

Sharma

Chowdhury

2012

Biophys. Rev. Lett.

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DNA, RNA and proteins are among the most important macromolecules in a living cell. These molecules are polymerized by molecular machines. These natural nano-machines polymerize such macromolecules, adding one monomer at a time, using another linear polymer as the corresponding template. The machine utilizes input chemical energy to move along the template which also serves as a track for the movements of the machine. In the Alan Turing year 2012, it is worth pointing out that these machines are "tape-copying Turing machines". We review the operational mechanisms of the polymerizer machines and their collective behavior from the perspective of statistical physics, emphasizing their common features in spite of the crucial differences in their biological functions. We also draw attention of the physics community to another class of modular machines that carry out a different type of template-directed polymerization. We hope this review will inspire new kinetic models for these modular machines. * Contribution in the Alan Turing year 2012

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2011: 50th Anniversary of the Discovery of the Genetic Code

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

A Mathematical Model for the Genetic Code(s) Based on Fibonacci Numbers and their q-Analogues

A Mathematical Model for the Genetic Code(s) Based on Fibonacci Numbers and their q-Analogues

Medicine in Philately Hematology and Oncology with Stamps

Template-Directed Biopolymerization: Tape-Copying Turing Machines

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