2022 roadmap on low temperature electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction

Stephens, Ifan E. L.; Chan, Karen; Bagger, Alexander; Boettcher, Shannon W.; Bonin, Julien; Boutin, Etienne; Buckley, Aya K.; Buonsanti, Raffaella; Cave, Etosha R.; Chang, Xiaoxia; Chee, See Wee; Silva, Alisson H. M. da; Luna, Phil De; Einsle, Oliver; Endrődi, Balázs; Escudero-Escribano, Marı́a; Araujo, Jorge V. Ferreira de; Figueiredo, Marta Costa; Hahn, Christopher; Hansen, Kentaro U.; Haussener, Sophia; Hunegnaw, Sara; Huo, Ziyang; Hwang, Yun Jeong; Janáky, Csaba; Jayathilake, Buddhinie S.; Jiao, Feng; Jovanov, Zarko P.; Karimi, Parisa; Koper, Marc T. M.; Kuhl, Kendra P.; Lee, Woong Hee; Liang, Zhiqin; Li, Xuan; Ma, Sichao; Ma, Ming; Oh, Hyung‐Suk; Robert, Marc; Cuenya, Beatriz Roldán; Rossmeisl, Jan; Roy, Claudie; Ryan, Mary P.; Sargent, Edward H.; Sebastián‐Pascual, Paula; Seger, Brian; Steier, Ludmilla; Strasser, Peter; Varela, Ana Sofía; Vos, Rafaël E.; Wang, Xue; Xu, Bingjun; Yadegari, Hossein; Zhou, Yuxiang

doi:10.1088/2515-7655/ac7823

Cited by 146 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 248 publications

(366 reference statements)

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“…27 A recent roadmap on CO 2 RR highlighted that CO and ethanol could be the ideal products of electrochemical CO 2 reduction, taking into account the market size, as well as the cost- and emission reduction when changing from current petrochemical production to electrosynthesis. 36,37 CO can be upgraded to a wealth of products, such as transportation fuels through the Fischer–Tropsch process, 38 and can also be electrochemically further reduced to C 2+ products (CORR). 38 The latter holds greater promise compared to the direct CO 2 → C 2+ conversion, considering energy efficiency and system design (carbonate-free operation).…”

Section: Continuous-flow Co2 Reduction and Status Of The Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operandocharacterization of continuous flow CO₂electrolyzers: current status and future prospects

Hursán

Janáky

2023

Chem. Commun.

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Section: Continuous-flow Co2 Reduction and Status Of The Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operandocharacterization of continuous flow CO₂electrolyzers: current status and future prospects

Hursán

Janáky

2023

Chem. Commun.

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“…Electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2ER) into high-value fuels and chemicals is envisioned as a promising path toward closing the carbon cycle and storing renewable electricity in chemical bonds. [1][2][3][4][5] Copper (Cu)-based catalysts are the widely accepted materials that can effectively electrochemically catalyze the formation of valuable multi-carbon (C2+) products with reasonable selectivity and activity. [6][7][8] However, its electrochemical performance still has deficiencies that are providing barriers for its commercialization.…”

Section: Tocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the rate-determine step of C2+ products during electrochemical CO reduction

Deng

Qiao

Kastlunger

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The electrochemical reduction of CO2 has drawn a large amount of attention due to its potential to produce sustainable fuels and chemicals by using renewable energy. However, the reaction’s mechanism is not yet well understood. A major debate is whether the rate-determine step (RDS) for the generation of multi-carbon (C2+) products is C-C coupling or CO hydrogenation. This work describes an experimental analysis of the RDS by investigating pH dependency, the kinetic isotope effect and the effect of CO partial pressure in relation to the activity of C2+ products. The experimental data shows the activity of C2+ products to be invariant with either pH or deuteration of the electrolyte, and a CO reaction order of 0 at CO pressure of 1 bar. These results elucidate the RDS of C2+ products to be the dimerization of two adsorbed *CO over polycrystalline Cu. This study provides comprehensive kinetic experimental data and a theoretical basis for subsequent enhancement of the production of C2+ products.

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“…For the electrocatalyst design for CO 2 /CO electroreduction, a complete and coherent understanding of the mechanism is necessary. Indeed, most of the theory-driven studies have usually been performed in a simplified approach by using Gibbs free energy of one key elementary step as a descriptor based on the Brønsted−Evans−Polanyi (BEP) relation, 23,24 while CO 2 RR (or CORR) is a highly complicated process with multiple electron/proton transfer steps, 23,25 coupled with diversified reaction pathways and different intermediates (Table 1), 26 as well as environment-sensitive thermodynamic properties. For instance, the ethylene production by electrochemical CO 2 /CO reduction was reported by Hori and co-workers on Cu electrodes as early as in the 1980s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning Structures and Microenvironments of Cu-Based Catalysts for Sustainable CO₂ and CO Electroreduction

Liu

Yang

et al. 2023

Acc. Mater. Res.

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Conspectus The carbon balance has been disrupted by the widespread use of fossil fuels and subsequent excessive emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), which has become an increasingly critical environmental challenge for human society. The production and use of renewable energy sources and/or chemicals have been proposed as important strategies to reduce emissions, of which the electrochemical CO2 (or CO) reduction reaction (CO2RR/CORR) in the aqueous systems represents a promising approach. Benefitted by the capacity of manufacturing high-value-added products (e.g., ethylene, ethanol, formic acid, etc.) with a net-zero carbon emission, copper-based CO2RR/CORR powered by sustainable electricity is regarded as a potential candidate for carbon neutrality. However, the diversity of selectivities in copper-based systems poses a great challenge to the research in this field and sets a great obstacle for future industrialization. To date, scientists have revealed that the electrocatalyst design and preparation play a significant role in achieving efficient and selective CO2-to-chemical (or CO-to-chemical) conversion. Although substantial efforts have been dedicated to the catalyst preparation and corresponding electrosynthesis of sustainable chemicals from CO2/CO so far, most of them are still derived from empirical or random searches, which are relatively inefficient and cost-intensive. Most of the mechanism studies have suggested that both intrinsic properties (such as electron states) and extrinsic environmental factors (such as surface energy) of a catalyst can significantly alter catalytic performance. Thus, these two topics are mainly discussed for copper-based catalyst developments in this Account. Here, we provided a concise and comprehensive introduction to the well-established strategies employed for the design of copper-based electrocatalysts for CO2RR/CORR. We used several examples from our research group, as well as representative studies of other research groups in this field during the recent five years, with the perspectives of tuning local electron states, regulating alloy phases, modifying interfacial coverages, and adjusting other interfacial microenvironments (e.g., molecule modification or surface energy). Finally, we employed the techno-economic assessment with a viewpoint on the future application of CO2/CO electroreduction in manufacturing sustainable chemicals. Our study indicates that when carbon price is taken into account, the electrocatalytic CO2-to-chemical conversion can be more market-competitive, and several potential value-added products including formate, methanol, ethylene, and ethanol can all make profits under optimal operating conditions. Moreover, a downstream module employing traditional chemical industrial processes (e.g., thermal polymerization, catalytic hydrolysis, or condensation process) will also make the whole electrolysis system profitable in the future. These design principles, combined with the recent advances in the development of efficient copper-based electrocatalysts,...

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2022 roadmap on low temperature electrochemical CO₂ reduction

Cited by 146 publications

References 248 publications

Operandocharacterization of continuous flow CO₂electrolyzers: current status and future prospects

Operandocharacterization of continuous flow CO₂electrolyzers: current status and future prospects

Unraveling the rate-determine step of C2+ products during electrochemical CO reduction

Tuning Structures and Microenvironments of Cu-Based Catalysts for Sustainable CO₂ and CO Electroreduction

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2022 roadmap on low temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction

Cited by 146 publications

References 248 publications

Operandocharacterization of continuous flow CO2electrolyzers: current status and future prospects

Operandocharacterization of continuous flow CO2electrolyzers: current status and future prospects

Unraveling the rate-determine step of C2+ products during electrochemical CO reduction

Tuning Structures and Microenvironments of Cu-Based Catalysts for Sustainable CO2 and CO Electroreduction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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2022 roadmap on low temperature electrochemical CO₂ reduction

Operandocharacterization of continuous flow CO₂electrolyzers: current status and future prospects

Operandocharacterization of continuous flow CO₂electrolyzers: current status and future prospects

Tuning Structures and Microenvironments of Cu-Based Catalysts for Sustainable CO₂ and CO Electroreduction