226Ra in geothermal and bottled mineral waters of Hungary

Baradács, E.; Hunyadi, I.; Dezső, Z.; Csige, I.; Szerbin, P.

doi:10.1016/s1350-4487(01)00191-3

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In addition to the increasing popularity of spas and the growing importance attached to the 'natural' health industry (Smith and Puczkò, 2009), thermal spring waters are increasingly being used for power generation, industrial processing, agriculture, aquaculture, bottled water and the extraction of rare elements (Vimmerstedt, 1998;Lund, 2000;Baradács et al, 2001;Lund and Freeston, 2001;Shevenell et al, 2002;Bahati, 2003;Hellman and Ramsey, 2004;Petraccia et al, 2005). In 2005, 72 countries reported on the direct utilisation of geothermal energy (Lund et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it cannot be assumed that all spring water is pure, since many naturallyoccurring minerals are harmful or even dangerous to human and animal health. A number of studies have found that geothermal water may contain toxic elements such as arsenic and mercury (Mandal and Suzuki, 2002;Romero et al, 2003;Churchhill and Clinkenbeard, 2005), radio-active elements (Kempster et al, 1996;Baradács et al, 2001) and pathogenic organisms such as the meningitis-causing Naeglerias fowleri (Sugita et al, 1999;Izumiyama et al, 2003;Craun et al, 2005) and Legionella pneu monia (Miyamoto et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal and chemical characteristics of hot water springs in the northern part of the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Olivier¹,

Venter²,

Jonker³

2011

WSA

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In many countries thermal springs are utilised for a variety of purposes, such as the generation of power, direct space heating, industrial processes, aquaculture and many more. The optimal use of a thermal spring is largely dependent upon its physical and chemical characteristics. This article focuses on the thermal and chemical features of 8 thermal springs located in the northern part of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Field data and water samples were collected from Evangelina, Tshipise, Sagole, Môreson, Siloam, Mphephu, Minwamadi and Die Eiland for analysis of physical and chemical parameters. The temperatures at source vary from 30°C to 67.5°C. The springs are associated with faults and impermeable dykes and are assumed to be of meteoric origin. The mineral composition of the thermal waters reflects the geological formations found at the depth of origin. None of the spring waters are fit for human consumption since they contain unacceptably high levels of bromide ions. Six springs do not conform to domestic water quality guidelines with respect to fluoride levels. Unacceptably high values of mercury were detected at Môreson and Die Eiland. Spring water at Evangelina is contaminated with selenium and arsenic. It is important to keep such limitations in mind when determining the ultimate use of the thermal springs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and chemical characteristics of hot water springs in the northern part of the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Olivier¹,

Venter²,

Jonker³

2011

WSA

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“…19 There are some studies on investigating geothermal water using on a large scale for bathing, drinking and medical purposes. 17,20,21) Due to peculiar geology of the Carpathian Basin thermal and medical waters of outstanding abundance occur also in Hungary. More than two third of the country territory, hide huge amount of high temperature artesian and karstic water in the depth.…”

Section: Radioactivity In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Radioactivity in Hungary

Németh¹,

Tokonami²

2004

Jpn. J. Health Phys.

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“…In Poland groundwater is regarded as thermal if its temperature exceeds 20 °C. Thermal waters were initially used in medicine, then for heating purposes, and nowadays thermal water is also utilized in power plants (Kępińska 2006) and even as drinking water (Marović et al 1995;Baradács et al 2001;Gallup 2007). In some countries investigations of the natural radioactive elements in the thermal waters have been carried out in recent years (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural radioactive nuclides in the thermal waters of the Polish Inner Carpathians

Nowak¹,

Chau

Rajchel³

2012

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:The chemical compositions and activity concentrations of 238 U, 234 U, 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 222 Rn were measured in the thermal waters occurring in the Podhale Trough. This region, part of the Polish Inner Carpathians, is the artesian basin situated between two groundwater recharging zones, the Tatras to the south and the Pieniny Klippen Belt to the north. The thermal water samples were collected from nine selected boreholes with the depths from 1113 m (Zakopane IG-2) to 5526 m (Bańska Niżna IG-1). The waters belong to four hydrochemical types: HCO 3 -SO 4 -Ca-Mg-Na, SO 4 -HCO 3 -Cl-Na-Ca, SO 4 -Ca-Na and SO 4 -Cl-Ca-Na. Their mineralization and temperature range from several hundreds to 2500 mg/l and 23.9 to 86.3 °C, respectively. Excluding the waters from the Szymoszkowa GT-1 and Chochołów PIG-1 boreholes, the activity concentrations of the uranium and radium isotopes in the waters are relatively low and vary from decimals to above ten mBq/l and from several tens to about 600 mBq/l, respectively. They are classified as radon-poor waters. The phenomena mentioned seem to be characteristic of the waters draining limestone formations overlaying the crystalline rocks, namely the principal aquifers in the Tatras. The significant levels of the uranium and radium activity concentrations in the waters from Szymoszkowa GT-1 and Chochołów PIG-1 can be connected with the presences of Lower Triassic black shales with tuffites rich in uranium in the respective recharge areas. Comparing the parameters of the Podhale thermal waters with those of some selected thermal waters occurring in other regions of Poland and in northwest Croatia, the French Massif Central, Spanish Andalusia and north-east Tunisia, the authors found that the temperature of the thermal waters is contained between 16 and about 100 °C; the mineralization and concentrations of radionuclides vary in broad intervals and are considerably affected by the lithology and the geological structure of the region. The 226 Ra activity concentration exceeds that of 228 Ra in almost each of the thermal waters compared, which is similar to the waters from Podhale.

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226Ra in geothermal and bottled mineral waters of Hungary

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Thermal and chemical characteristics of hot water springs in the northern part of the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Thermal and chemical characteristics of hot water springs in the northern part of the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Environmental Radioactivity in Hungary

Natural radioactive nuclides in the thermal waters of the Polish Inner Carpathians

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