24.8 An analog-digital-hybrid single-chip RX beamformer with non-uniform sampling for 2D-CMUT ultrasound imaging to achieve wide dynamic range of delay and small chip area

Um, Ji‐Yong; Song, Eun Seop; Kim, Yoon-Jee; Cho, Seongeun; Chae, Min-Kyun; Song, Jongkeun; Kim, Bae-Hyung; Lee, Seunghun; Bang, Jin Ho; Kim, Young-il; Cho, Kyungil; Kim, Byungsub; Sim, Jae‐Yoon; Park, Hong-June

doi:10.1109/isscc.2014.6757499

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The Beamformer architecture is depicted in Figure 12. Here, a Pipelined Sampled-Delay Focusing (PSDF) scheme is implemented [7]. Every channel has three blocks which performs the basic functions…”

Section: Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Beamforming Algorithm Architectures for Medical Ultrasound

SG¹,

Sakthivel²,

Kidav³

2019

IJITEE

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Medical ultrasound scanners are amongst the most sophisticated signal processing machines in use today. The Beamformer is the brain of whole signal processing system of the scanner [1]. Beamforming allows message transmission or reception to be directed or spatially selective. It is used in receiving beamforming to concentrate the noise signals obtained in the region of concern as reflections from various tissue structures. This paper reviews the various receive beamformer architectures implemented in FPGA/ASIC for ultrasound imaging. Most of the receive beamformers are implemented using the standard technique Delay and Sum. Beamforming in ultrasound instruments for medical imaging has traditionally been implemented using analog delay lines. The concept of dynamic focusing in near field has resulted more complex analog delay structures and were replaced by digital structures. By the availability of high-speed analog to digital converters, and VLSI Technology improvements have now made real time implementation of digital beamformers feasible. The current innovations involve hybrid beamformers utilizing the pros of both analog and digital structures. This paper discusses the evolution of beamforming architectures from analog to digital environment and the current beamformer designs. The changes in beamformer designs in order to be compatible to high frequency probes and yield improved imaging performance, resource optimization, etc. are discussed.

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Section: Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Beamforming Algorithm Architectures for Medical Ultrasound

SG¹,

Sakthivel²,

Kidav³

2019

IJITEE

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“…In-probe electronics are used in hand-held external probes, such as those used for 3D pregnancy ultrasound or transthoracic echocardiography, to connect thousands of individual transducer elements to typically 128 system channels of an imaging system [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Miniaturized integrated circuits for use in endoscope-based probes have also been reported [3,6,[15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Channel-reduction Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various approaches have been taken to reduce the number of channels that need to be connected to the imaging system. Part of the beamforming, which is normally performed completely in the imaging system, can be performed locally in the probe [3][4][5]15]. Programmable integrated pulsers have been used to reduce the interconnect needed for highvoltage transmit signals [6-8, 11, 12].…”

Section: Channel-reduction Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-power receive electronics for a miniature real-time 3D ultrasound probe

Pertijs

Chen

Raghunathan

et al. 2015

2015 6th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)

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Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) involves the use of an ultrasound transducer mounted at the tip of an endoscope to make ultrasonic images of the human heart from the esophagus. In conventional TEE probes, each transducer element is wired-out by a micro-coaxial cable to an external imaging system. To obtain real-time three-dimensional images, however, a two-dimensional transducer array with more than 1000 elements is required. Direct wiring of so many elements through an endoscope is not feasible, so channel reduction should be performed locally. In this paper, we present an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC) that includes low-noise amplifiers, programmable-gain amplifiers and microbeamformer circuits that locally process and combine the signals received by sub-groups of the transducer array. Thus, an orderof-magnitude channel reduction is achieved. The acoustic characterization of the prototype ASIC with a co-integrated transducer array will be presented.

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“…A few ASICs that provide in-probe digitization have been reported. [10] and [7] employ SAR ADCs at the output of a sub-array beamformer, and therefore do not provide access to the signals of the individual transducer elements. [11] employs element-level ADCs, but with a die size per element that far exceeds the area of an individual transducer element in a 2D array.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Element-Matched Electromechanical <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta\Sigma$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> ADC for Ultrasound Imaging

D'Urbino

Chen

et al. 2018

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This work presents a power-and area-efficient approach to digitizing the echo signals received by piezoelectric transducer elements, commonly used for ultrasound imaging. This technique utilizes such elements not only as sensors, but also as the loop filter of an element-level ΔΣ ADC. The receive chain is thus greatly simplified, yielding savings in area and power. Every ADC becomes small enough to fit underneath a 150 µm × 150 µm transducer element, enabling simultaneous acquisition and digitization from all the elements in a 2D array. This is especially valuable for miniature 3D probes. Experimental results are reported for a prototype receiver chip with an array of 5 × 4 element-matched ADCs and a transducer array fabricated on top of the chip. Each ADC consumes 800 µW from a 1.8 V supply and achieves a SNR of 47dB in a 75% bandwidth around a center frequency of 5MHz.

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24.8 An analog-digital-hybrid single-chip RX beamformer with non-uniform sampling for 2D-CMUT ultrasound imaging to achieve wide dynamic range of delay and small chip area

Cited by 32 publications

References 5 publications

Beamforming Algorithm Architectures for Medical Ultrasound

Beamforming Algorithm Architectures for Medical Ultrasound

Low-power receive electronics for a miniature real-time 3D ultrasound probe

An Element-Matched Electromechanical <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta\Sigma$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> ADC for Ultrasound Imaging

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