25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Men&lt;subtitle&gt;A Prospective Study&lt;/subtitle&gt;

Giovannucci, Edward

doi:10.1001/archinte.168.11.1174

Cited by 1,061 publications

(763 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…This is in line with prospective population-based studies which showed that low 25(OH)D levels are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality [101][102][103]. We are aware that discussing the causality of vitamin D deficiency for chronic diseases is a difficult task because sun exposure is the main determinant of vitamin D status and is usually inversely correlated with the severity of illness.…”

Section: Clinical Consequences and Summarysupporting

confidence: 77%

Vitamin D deficiency and myocardial diseases

Pilz

Tomaschitz

Drechsler

et al. 2010

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

135

142

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Vitamin D deficiency is common among patients with myocardial diseases because sun-induced vitamin D production in the skin and dietary intake of vitamin D is often insufficient. Knockout mice for the vitamin D receptor develop myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction. It has also been shown that children with rickets who suffered from severe heart failure could be successfully treated with supplementation of vitamin D plus calcium. In adults, almost all patients with heart failure exhibit reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, which are used to classify the vitamin D status. In prospective studies, vitamin D deficiency was an independent risk factor for mortality, deaths due to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Several vitamin D effects on the electrophysiology, contractility, and structure of the heart suggest that vitamin D deficiency might be a causal factor for myocardial diseases. Data from interventional trials, however, are rare and urgently needed to elucidate whether vitamin D supplementation is useful for the treatment of myocardial diseases. In our opinion, the current knowledge of the beneficial effects of vitamin D on myocardial and overall health strongly argue for vitamin D supplementation in all vitamin D-deficient patients with or at high risk for myocardial diseases.

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Section: Clinical Consequences and Summarysupporting

confidence: 77%

Vitamin D deficiency and myocardial diseases

Pilz

Tomaschitz

Drechsler

et al. 2010

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

135

142

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“…Vitamin D has been reported to improve endothelial function and insulin resistance in diabetic patients (37) . Serum 25(OH)D has been reported to be associated with the risk for CVD, including hypertension, IHD, heart failure and mortality from these diseases (11,13,(38)(39)(40) . In contrast, some population-based studies have not shown an independent contribution by serum 25(OH)D concentration in metabolic syndrome (41,42) , and other small-scale intervention studies have found that vitamin D supplementation has no effect on insulin resistance or sensitivity (43)(44)(45) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

25-Hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency is associated with cardiometabolic risk in Korean adolescents: the 2008–2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)

Nam

Kim

Cho

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Vitamin D insufficiency is known to be related to cardiometabolic disorders; however, the associations among serum Results: Vitamin D insufficiency, defined as 25(OH)D concentration ,50 nmol/l, was found in 75?3 % of Korean adolescents and was associated with an increased risk of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference and BMI were the most closely correlated cardiometabolic components of metabolic syndrome according to serum 25(OH)D status, but no significant relationship was found between serum 25(OH)D concentration and insulin resistance or for the risks for high blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, reduced HDL-cholesterol or hypertriacylglycerolaemia, with or without adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusions: Low serum 25(OH)D concentration appears to be associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors and an increased risk of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents.

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“…(5) Regarding general health endpoints, the Endocrine Society states that while evidence from randomized controlled trials is lacking, numerous epidemiological studies have suggested that a 25(OH)D blood level of 30 ng/mL and above may have additional health benefits in reducing the risk of common cancers, autoimmune diseases, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and infectious diseases. (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) In contrast, the IOM concludes that there is no evidence that a 25(OH)D threshold greater than 20 ng/mL has any benefit to health. (11) Although no consensus has been achieved as to whether 20 ng/mL or 30 ng/mL is the optimal threshold of vitamin D, as reflected in these most recent recommendations, most agree that many people are vitamin D-deficient and need vitamin D supplements to meet their vitamin D requirement.…”

Section: Esirable Thresholds For 25(oh)d Have Been Discussedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral supplementation with 25(OH)D3 versus vitamin D3: Effects on 25(OH)D levels, lower extremity function, blood pressure, and markers of innate immunity

Bischoff‐Ferrari

Dawson‐Hughes

Stöcklin³

et al. 2011

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

173

176

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To test the effect of 25(OH)D 3 (HyD) compared to vitamin D 3 on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (25(OH)D), lower extremity function, blood pressure, and markers of innate immunity. Twenty healthy postmenopausal women with an average 25(OH)D level of 13.2 AE 3.9 ng/mL (mean AE SD) and a mean age of 61.5 AE 7.2 years were randomized to either 20 mg of HyD or 20 mg (800 IU) of vitamin D 3 per day in a double-blind manner. We measured on 14 visits over 4 months, 25(OH)D serum levels, blood pressure, and seven markers of innate immunity (eotaxin, interleukin [IL]-8, IL-12, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 kDa , monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], macrophage inflammatory protein beta , and ''Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted'' [RANTES]). At baseline and at 4 months, a test battery for lower extremity function (knee extensor and flexor strength, timed up and go, repeated sit-to-stand) was assessed. All analyses were adjusted for baseline measurement, age, and body mass index. Mean 25(OH)D levels increased to 69.5 ng/mL in the HyD group. This rise was immediate and sustained. Mean 25(OH)D levels increased to 31.0 ng/mL with a slow increase in the vitamin D 3 group. Women on HyD compared with vitamin D 3 had a 2.8-fold increased odds of maintained or improved lower extremity function (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 2.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-6.58), and a 5.7-mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure ( p ¼ 0.0002). Both types of vitamin D contributed to a decrease in five out of seven markers of innate immunity, significantly more pronounced with HyD for eotaxin, IL-12, MCP-1, and MIP-1 b. There were no cases of hypercalcemia at any time point. Twenty micrograms (20 mg) of HyD per day resulted in a safe, immediate, and sustained increase in 25(OH)D serum levels in all participants, which may explain its significant benefit on lower extremity function, systolic blood pressure, and innate immune response compared with vitamin D 3 . ß

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25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Men<subtitle>A Prospective Study</subtitle>

Cited by 1,061 publications

References 56 publications

Vitamin D deficiency and myocardial diseases

Vitamin D deficiency and myocardial diseases

25-Hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency is associated with cardiometabolic risk in Korean adolescents: the 2008–2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)

Oral supplementation with 25(OH)D3 versus vitamin D3: Effects on 25(OH)D levels, lower extremity function, blood pressure, and markers of innate immunity

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