“…Dairy farmers are using improved diagnostics (Lago, Godden, Bey, Ruegg, & Leslie, 2011; Vasquez, Nydam, Capel, Eicker, & Virkler, 2017), herd management (Kleinlützum, Weaver, & Schley, 2013; Lorenz, Mee, Earley, & More, 2011; Love et al., 2016), and housing (Lorenz, Earley, et al., 2011; Phillips et al., 2013) to reduce antibiotic usage. However, even prudent herd management and antibiotic administration can result in the detection of antibiotic residues (Ince, Coban, Turker, Ertekin, & Ince, 2013; Ray, Knowlton, Shang, & Xia, 2014), antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (ARB; Cummings, Perkins, Khatibzadeh, Warnick, & Altier, 2013; NARMS, 2019), and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in dairy cattle manure (Chambers et al., 2015; Haley, Kim, Cao, Karns, & Van Kessel, 2017). As such, there is a need to better understand the fate of antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs in dairy manure systems and their capacity to minimize AR before manure is recycled to cropland or as bedding (Oliver et al., 2020).…”