2D:4D Ratio and its  Implications in Medicine

Jeevanandam, Saravanakumar; Muthu, Prathibha K

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2016/21952.9000

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These conclusions are in agreement with previous observations (5,6), which confirm that subjects with high levels of testosterone are more instinctive and have a reduced ability to concentrate during long performances, unlike subjects less exposed to testosterone during intrauterine life, who are capable of focusing on specific tasks with more regularity and concentration. However, Richards (13) differs in opinion, as he does not agree with the existence of a direct correlation between testosterone production in the womb and the digit ratio and argues that the studies demonstrating this have low statistical significance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The results showed that it is possible to measure the levels of prenatal testosterone exposition in a non-invasive manner thanks to the digit ratio technique, which involves measuring the ratio between the second finger (index) and the fourth finger (ring finger) of the left hand. Certain authors have previously observed that high levels of prenatal testosterone exposition are associated with specific competences (mathematics and academical performance) and physio logical and pathological personalities (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 2D:4D ratio is associated with performance in the ‘teacCh program’ of subjects with autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2018

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Problems arising on the autistic spectrum are more common in male individuals, leading scholars to attempt to determine whether there is a correlation with testosterone levels to which fetuses were exposed during intrauterine life. The aim of the present study was to investigate, through the digit ratio technique, the possible correlation between testosterone exposure during intrauterine life and the achievement of predetermined objectives during the educational program Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) in a group of subjects with different forms of autism. The results showed a positive correlation of the TEACCH program and 2D:4D ratio. Therefore, we hypothesize that a base screening may be useful to pinpoint the optimal teaching strategies to obtain the best possible performance from each subject.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2D:4D ratio is associated with performance in the ‘teacCh program’ of subjects with autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2018

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“…The present study is unique as for the first time, it presents information on 2D:4D and hand patterns of both sexes in students of Malaysian ethnicity. Digit ratio is sexually dimorphic and can be used as a window for in utero exposure to androgens, primarily testosterone (Jeevanandam and Muthu 2016). However, there is no harmony on the intra-sexual and inter-sexual variations in digit ratios and traits across various ethnic groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study on digit ratio and hand patterns of three ethnic races of Malaysia

Nayak

Nair

Ravi

2018

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Background: To distinguish the characteristic hand pattern of each of the three different ethnicities in Malaysia and to study the hand pattern correlation between race and gender. Method: Individual lengths of the fingers were then measured and tabulated to serve as the basis for analyzing the 2D (second digit):4D (fourth digit) hand ratio. Based on this ration, the hand patterns were classified as A, B, and C types. Results: Hand pattern A (2D<4D) appears to be the most characteristic trait in Malays. The highest scoring hand pattern in Chinese is A as well with scores of 52% in their right hands and 60% in their left hands. In Indians, hand pattern C (2D>4D) shows dominance in their right hands with a score of 46% while hand pattern A dominates their left hands. Among the males, all three races show dominance in hand pattern A except in Chinese whereby the C hand pattern was dominant in their right hands (44%). Among the females, the most common trait in Malays and Chinese are the hand pattern A in both their hands. Indian females, however, showed dominance in hand pattern C in their right hands (60%), and hand pattern B (2D = 4D) dominated in their left hands (44%). Results of the statistical analysis revealed that there was a highly significant difference in the hand patterns of both the hands when compared to gender. Conclusion: The study suggests that ratio below or equal to 0.90 is suggestive of female sex for both hands, while a ratio of more than 0.91 is suggestive of male sex for both hands. The pattern A (2D<4D) is seen to be the most common trait among the three ethnicities of Malaysia with an exception seen in the right hands of Indians.

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“…It is expected that a fetus with more testosterone exposure can have a lower digit ratio (masculine ratio). Male fetuses usually have a higher exposure to testosterone and therefore males always have lower digit ratios than females [10]. So, the ratio 2D:4D is a prospective marker for prenatal testosterone and may describe differences in sports performance [5,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soccer Passing Accuracy Differentiates Between High and Low Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Soccer Players

Islam¹,

Kundu²

2020

AJSS

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2D:4D Ratio and its Implications in Medicine

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

The 2D:4D ratio is associated with performance in the ‘teacCh program’ of subjects with autism spectrum disorder

The 2D:4D ratio is associated with performance in the ‘teacCh program’ of subjects with autism spectrum disorder

A comparative study on digit ratio and hand patterns of three ethnic races of Malaysia

Soccer Passing Accuracy Differentiates Between High and Low Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Soccer Players

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