2D Material‐Based Optical Biosensor: Status and Prospect

Abstract

The combination of 2D materials and optical biosensors has become a hot research topic in recent years. Graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, and other 2D materials (metal oxides and degenerate semiconductors) have unique optical properties and play a unique role in the detection of different biomolecules. Through the modification of 2D materials, optical biosensor has the advantages that traditional sensors (such as electrical sensing) do not have, and the sensitivity and detection limit are greatly improved. Here, optical biosensors based on different 2D materials are reviewed. First, various detection methods of biomolecules, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and evanescent wave and properties, preparation and integration strategies of 2D material, are introduced in detail. Second, various biosensors based on 2D materials are summarized. Furthermore, the applications of these optical biosensors in biological imaging, food safety, pollution prevention/control, and biological medicine are discussed. Finally, the future development of optical biosensors is prospected. It is believed that with their in-depth research in the laboratory, optical biosensors will gradually become commercialized and improve people's quality of life in many aspects.

Next-Generation Intelligent MXene-Based Electrochemical Aptasensors for Point-of-Care Cancer Diagnostics

“…Moreover, the internal light-to-heat conversion efficiency of MXene, more specifically Ti 3 C 2 , was measured to be 100%, demonstrating a flawless energy conversion [ 181 ]. Nevertheless, to further enhance MXenes applications, several optical-associated qualities such as plasmonic, luminescence efficiency, and nonlinear optical properties must be unraveled [ 178 – 181 , 184 ].…”

“…The studies on thermal conductivities in terms of thermal expansion coefficients of MXenes are still sparse, despite their importance for electrical and energy-related heat dissipation devices [ 155 ]. Simulation studies indicated low thermal expansion coefficients [ 37 , 184 , 185 ] and superior heat conductivities of MXene-based materials than phosphorene and MoS 2 monolayer [ 184 , 186 , 187 ]. It was observed that the thermal conductivities of oxygen–terminated compounds rise with the metal “M” atomic number [ 119 , 184 ].…”

“…Simulation studies indicated low thermal expansion coefficients [ 37 , 184 , 185 ] and superior heat conductivities of MXene-based materials than phosphorene and MoS 2 monolayer [ 184 , 186 , 187 ]. It was observed that the thermal conductivities of oxygen–terminated compounds rise with the metal “M” atomic number [ 119 , 184 ]. The edge green's function of the semi-infinite Mo 2 MC 2 O 2 lattice is generated using the MLWFs, the imaginary component of which yields the local density of states (LDOS), from which the energy dispersion of the edge states is determined.…”

A Framework for Biosensors Assisted by Multiphoton Effects and Machine Learning

“…The field of biosensors is highly dynamic, with scientific research advances that have mainly flourished in the last decades. Numerous biosensors have been developed for nanotechnology, engineering, molecular biology, computer, and optics [ 1 ]. In general, there are three types of biosensors: electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric; each kind has its own method for transducing signals [ 2 ].…”

Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensor Based on Polymer Bragg Grating: A Case Study on Extracellular Vesicles Detection

“…The high interacting field leads to a high sensitivity. Over the years, various photonic structures have been proposed such as surface Plasmon polaritons (SPPs) [ 17 , 18 ], 2D materials [ 19 , 20 ], long period gratings (LPGs) [ 21 , 22 ], multimode interferences [ 23 ], ring resonators [ 24 , 25 ], Bragg gratings [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], etc. The performance of the structures based on LPGs, SPPs, multimode interferometers, and ring resonators is often limited by broad bandwidth, a bulky setup, or a free spectral range.…”