2D Material Microcavity Light Emitters: To Lase or Not to Lase?

Reeves, Lewis A.; Wang, Yue; Krauss, Thomas F.

doi:10.1002/adom.201800272

Cited by 62 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, we would like to briefly mention the interesting proposal of anapole-based nanolasers [15]. Both semi-classical and quantum laser theories [40][41][42][43] require a system to have a well-defined mode with a pole (of the relevant scattering coefficient or S-matrix eigenvalue) in the complex plane. Exact (radiation and absorption) loss compensation due to the introduction of gain may move this pole onto the real frequency axis, which makes the system enter a selfsustained lasing regime [40,41].…”

Section: (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a Nonradiating Mode Be Externally Excited? Nonscattering States versus Embedded Eigenstates

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this Letter, we discuss the general problem of exciting radiationless field distributions in open cavities, with the goal of clarifying recent findings on this topic. We point out that the radiationless scattering states, like anapoles, considered in several recent studies, are not eigenmodes of an open cavity; therefore, their external excitation is neither surprising nor challenging (similar to the excitation of nonzero internal fields in a transparent, or cloaked, object). Even more, the radiationless anapole field distribution cannot be sustained without the actual presence of external incident fields. Conversely, we prove that the Lorentz reciprocity theorem prevents the external excitation of radiationless optical eigenmodes, as in the case of embedded eigenstates and bound states in the continuum in open cavities. Our discussion clarifies the analogies and differences between invisible bodies, nonradiating sources, anapole scatterers and emitters, and embedded eigenstates, especially in relation to their external excitation.

show abstract

Section: (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a Nonradiating Mode Be Externally Excited? Nonscattering States versus Embedded Eigenstates

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although laser generation is essentially a nonlinear process, threshold pumping for lasing can be described through a linear approximation [95], [172] because the amplitude of the laser selfoscillation is equal to zero below lasing threshold and the problem can be treated linearly, making the present description meaningful. As mentioned above, there is another, more general definition of lasing threshold, as the point where stimulated emission into the mode overcomes the spontaneous one, also known as quantum threshold condition [144], [179]. For a nanoresonator coupled to an active gain medium, this occurs when the mean photon number in the mode is unity.…”

Section: Different Scenarios In Gain/loss Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the invention of micro-and nano-lasers, this definition has been revised [144]. In systems with a large spontaneous emission rate, as we usually have in nanolasers, the definition of lasing threshold through the input-output characteristics becomes incorrect [147], [179], [325], [326]. Currently, the more accepted definition of lasing threshold is the point where stimulated emission into the mode overcomes the spontaneous one, so-called quantum threshold condition [144], [179].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, various active optical systems can demonstrate a laser-like behavior (kink, linewidth narrowing) in their pulsed regime without being a laser. These properties are called now apparent laser conditions [179], [328] and are not sufficient to ensure the lasing regime [329]. For example, the comprehensive and critical analysis of lasing parameters of 2D TMDC-based lasers reported in [179] shows that none of these devices reported clear coherence properties and did not reach the quantum lasing threshold.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These properties are called now apparent laser conditions [179], [328] and are not sufficient to ensure the lasing regime [329]. For example, the comprehensive and critical analysis of lasing parameters of 2D TMDC-based lasers reported in [179] shows that none of these devices reported clear coherence properties and did not reach the quantum lasing threshold. A large number of erroneous interpretations of lasing in publications forced journals of the Nature family to introduce a list of requirements to any publication claiming new laser designs, which have to be satisfied before peer review [330].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Active Nanophotonics

Krasnok

Alù

2020

Proc. IEEE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent progress in nanofabrication has led to tremendous technological developments in nanophotonics, which rely on the interaction of light with nanostructured matter. Nanophotonics has experienced a large surge of interest in recent years, from basic research to applied technology.The increased importance of extremely low-energy data processing at ultra-fast speeds has been encouraging the use of light for signal transport and processing. Energy demands and interaction time scales become smaller with the physical size of the nanostructures, hence nanophotonics opens the opportunity of integrating a large number of devices that can generate, control, modulate, sense and process light signals at ultrafast speeds and below femtojoule/bit energy levels.However, losses and diffraction pose fundamental challenges to the fundamental ability of nanophotonic structures to confine light efficiently in smaller and smaller volumes. In this framework, active nanophotonics, which combines the latest advances in nanotechnology with gain materials, has become in recent years a vital area of optics research, both from the physics, material science, and engineering standpoint. In this paper, we review recent efforts in enabling active nanodevices for lasing and optical sources, loss compensation, and to realize new optical functionalities, like -symmetry, exceptional points and nontrivial lasing based on suitably engineered distributions of gain and loss in nanostructures.

show abstract

Emerging Light‐Emitting Materials for Photonic Integration

Liu

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nowadays, apart from data communication and telecommunication, photonic integrated systems also show great potential in bio/chemical sensing, medical imaging, and spectroscopy. [5-14] Benefit from mature complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology in the past two decades, many high-performance key components in photonic integrated systems have been realized, such as low-loss waveguides, ultrafast modulators, and large bandwidth photodetectors. [15-17] However, the lack of efficient light sources presents a huge roadblock and significantly slows down the progress of photonic integration. In terms of energy efficiency and scalability, on-chip light sources greatly surpass the off-chip light sources. [18] On-chip coupling allows flexible layouts and highdensity integration without introducing extra packaging cost and off-chip coupling losses. An ideal on-chip light source should satisfy the following requirements: emission at communication wavelengths, e.g. 850, 1310, or 1550 nm; continuous wave (CW) operation via electrical pumping at room temperature; high output power with low energy consumption, i.e., high efficiency and low threshold; CMOS-compatible fabrication techniques. Because of the poor radiative recombination efficiency of silicon, researchers have turned their attention to germanium-on-silicon (Ge-on-Si) and III-V-on-silicon (III-V-on-Si) lasers, which have been summarized in the literature. [19-21] Although the above-mentioned requirements may be relaxed to some extent according to different application scenarios, these new light sources have also encountered various difficulties and challenges on the way to practical applications (see Section 2). Therefore, it is still necessary and urgent to identify alternatives for the photonic integrated system. In the past 10 years, 2D materials and metal halide perovskites are undoubtedly two rising stars in the semiconductor field. These emerging materials with unique properties are widely used in optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and lasers. [22,34] Especially in the application of on-chip light sources, these materials show some advantages over Ge and III-V semiconductors. Both 2D materials and metal-halide perovskites have a variety of low-cost preparation methods. Both of them can be easily integrated on foreign substrates. More importantly, 2D materials and metal-halide perovskites own novel and charming luminescence properties. These materials with diverse energy bandgaps cover a broad spectral range, [22,35-37] which implies that the emission wavelength can be selected to accommodate different applications. Great advances of 2D material and The arrival of the information explosion era is urging the development of large-bandwidth high-data-rate optical interconnection technology. Up to now, the biggest stumbling block in optical interconnections has been the lack of efficient light sources despite significant progress that has been made in germanium-on-silicon (Ge-on-Si) and III-V-on-...

show abstract

2D Material Microcavity Light Emitters: To Lase or Not to Lase?

Cited by 62 publications

References 43 publications

Can a Nonradiating Mode Be Externally Excited? Nonscattering States versus Embedded Eigenstates

Can a Nonradiating Mode Be Externally Excited? Nonscattering States versus Embedded Eigenstates

Active Nanophotonics

Emerging Light‐Emitting Materials for Photonic Integration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About