2D materials in electrochemical sensors for in vitro or in vivo use

Munteanu, Raluca‐Elena; Sánchez-Moreno, Paola; Bramini, Mattia; Gáspár, Szilveszter

doi:10.1007/s00216-020-02831-1

Cited by 46 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…As new nanomaterials and nanocomposites are continuously researched, their electrocatalytic abilities for various applications are yet to be discovered. Most studies on new materials include a superficial evaluation of their performance and selectivity in real applications [ 152 ]. A limited number of possible interfering compounds were considered and they were studied almost exclusively in buffer solution.…”

Section: Specific Selectivity Advantages Conferred By Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the Selectivity of Enzyme Biosensors: Solutions and Perspectives

Bucur

Purcarea²,

Andreescu

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Enzymatic biosensors enjoy commercial success and are the subject of continued research efforts to widen their range of practical application. For these biosensors to reach their full potential, their selectivity challenges need to be addressed by comprehensive, solid approaches. This review discusses the status of enzymatic biosensors in achieving accurate and selective measurements via direct biocatalytic and inhibition-based detection, with a focus on electrochemical enzyme biosensors. Examples of practical solutions for tackling the activity and selectivity problems and preventing interferences from co-existing electroactive compounds in the samples are provided such as the use of permselective membranes, sentinel sensors and coupled multi-enzyme systems. The effect of activators, inhibitors or enzymatic substrates are also addressed by coupled enzymatic reactions and multi-sensor arrays combined with data interpretation via chemometrics. In addition to these more traditional approaches, the review discusses some ingenious recent approaches, detailing also on possible solutions involving the use of nanomaterials to ensuring the biosensors’ selectivity. Overall, the examples presented illustrate the various tools available when developing enzyme biosensors for new applications and stress the necessity to more comprehensively investigate their selectivity and validate the biosensors versus standard analytical methods.

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Section: Specific Selectivity Advantages Conferred By Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the Selectivity of Enzyme Biosensors: Solutions and Perspectives

Bucur

Purcarea²,

Andreescu

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…The thermal conductivity of 2D materials is of great significance for both basic research [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and practical application [11][12][13]. In basic research, Fourier's law has been successful in studying heat conduction in macroscopic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, with the advent of new materials such as newly discovered borophene [4,5], MXene [6,7], and various heterostructures [8][9][10], it is also crucial to determine the thermal conductivity of these new materials. From a practical perspective, 2D materials are widely used in optoelectronic devices [11], biological monitoring [12], and energy storage [13] due to their excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. It is necessary to explore the thermal conductivities of these 2D materials to optimize heat dissipation in optoelectronic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Two-Dimensional Materials: A Review

Dai

Wang

2022

Nanomaterials

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Two-dimensional (2D) materials are widely used in microelectronic devices due to their excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. The performance and reliability of microelectronic devices based 2D materials are affected by heat dissipation performance, which can be evaluated by studying the thermal conductivity of 2D materials. Currently, many theoretical and experimental methods have been developed to characterize the thermal conductivity of 2D materials. In this paper, firstly, typical theoretical methods, such as molecular dynamics, phonon Boltzmann transport equation, and atomic Green’s function method, are introduced and compared. Then, experimental methods, such as suspended micro-bridge, 3ω, time-domain thermal reflectance and Raman methods, are systematically and critically reviewed. In addition, the physical factors affecting the thermal conductivity of 2D materials are discussed. At last, future prospects for both theoretical and experimental thermal conductivity characterization of 2D materials is given. This paper provides an in-depth understanding of the existing thermal conductivity measurement methods of 2D materials, which has guiding significance for the application of 2D materials in micro/nanodevices.

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“…One-and two-dimensional nanomaterials were often used as modifiers [35]. However, designing three-dimensional gel structures allows for more rational control of chemical and physical properties [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Hydrogel-Based Electrochemical Sensor: A Soft Platform for Capturing Analyte

Lai

2021

Chemosensors

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Electrode modifications for electrochemical sensors attract a lot of attention every year. Among them, hydrogels are a relatively special class of electrode modifier. Since hydrogels often contain polymers, even though they are conductive polymers, they are not ideal electrode modifiers because of their poor conductivity. However, the micro-aqueous environment and the three-dimensional structure of hydrogels are an excellent platform for immobilizing bioactive molecules and maintaining their activity. This gives the hydrogel-modified electrochemical sensor the potential to perform specific recognition. At the same time, the rapid development of nanomaterials also makes the composite hydrogel have good electrical conductivity. This has led many scientists to become interested in hydrogel-based electrochemical sensors. In this review, we summarize the development process of hydrogel-based electrochemical sensors, starting from 2000. Hydrogel-based electrochemical sensors were initially used only as a carrier for biomolecules, mostly for loading enzymes and for specific recognition. With the widespread use of noble metal nanoparticles and carbon materials, hydrogels can now be used to prepare enzyme-free sensors. Although there are some sporadic studies on the use of hydrogels for practical applications, the vast majority of reports are still limited to the detection of common model molecules, such as glucose and H2O2. In the review, we classify hydrogels according to their different conducting strategies, and present the current status of the application of different hydrogels in electrochemical sensors. We also summarize the advantages and shortcomings of hydrogel-based electrochemical sensors. In addition, future prospects regarding hydrogel for electrochemical sensor use have been provided at the end.

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2D materials in electrochemical sensors for in vitro or in vivo use

Cited by 46 publications

References 191 publications

Addressing the Selectivity of Enzyme Biosensors: Solutions and Perspectives

Addressing the Selectivity of Enzyme Biosensors: Solutions and Perspectives

Methods for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Two-Dimensional Materials: A Review

Conductive Hydrogel-Based Electrochemical Sensor: A Soft Platform for Capturing Analyte

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