2D Nanomaterials for Cancer Theranostic Applications

Abstract

2D nanomaterials with unique nanosheet structures, large surface areas, and extraordinary physicochemical properties have attracted tremendous interest. In the area of nanomedicine, research on graphene and its derivatives for diverse biomedical applications began as early as 2008. Since then, many other types of 2D nanomaterials, including transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, black phosphorus nanosheets, layered double hydroxides, and metal–organic framework nanosheets, have been explored in the area of nanomedicine over the past decade. In particular, a large surface area makes 2D nanomaterials highly efficient drug delivery nanoplatforms. The unique optical and/or X‐ray attenuation properties of 2D nanomaterials can be harnessed for phototherapy or radiotherapy of cancer. Furthermore, by integrating 2D nanomaterials with other functional nanoparticles or utilizing their inherent physical properties, 2D nanomaterials may also be engineered as nanoprobes for multimodal imaging of tumors. 2D nanomaterials have shown substantial potential for cancer theranostics. Herein, the latest progress in the development of 2D nanomaterials for cancer theranostic applications is summarized. Current challenges and future perspectives of 2D nanomaterials applied in nanomedicine are also discussed.

The versatile biomedical applications of bismuth-based nanoparticles and composites: therapeutic, diagnostic, biosensing, and regenerative properties

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Dual Imaging Gold Nanoplatforms for Targeted Radiotheranostics

“…For that reason, it is currently accepted that a single imaging modality cannot provide sufficient and exact information of the human body. Besides that, nowadays there is an increasing interest in merging diagnostic and therapeutic functions in the same tool to perform the so-called "theranostics" [1][2][3][4]. Nanotechnology is now a central field in biomedical research, namely to design nanosized theranostic agents.…”

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“…The Calcein AM/PI double staining analysis was consistent with the MTT results (Figure C). These results demonstrated the good in vitro anticancer effect of V 2 C NSs due to the advanced photothermal effect …”