2D nanoplate assembled nitrogen doped hollow carbon sphere decorated with Fe3O4 as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction and Zn-air batteries

Metal–organic framework based bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc–air batteries: current progress and prospects

“…Metal oxides are extremely promising electrocatalysts due to the easy availability, tunable structure and morphology, long-term stability, and high theoretical catalytic activity. [99][100][101] However, the conductivity of metal oxides limits their catalytic activity. 57,61,[102][103][104][105] It is worth noting that the use of metal oxides and metal nanoparticle composites, or xed metal oxides on a highly conductive carbon matrix and other reasonable strategies can effectively promote the internal and surface charge transfer and maximize the utilization of active sites, which can further improve the efficiency of ZABs.…”

Confined Synthesis of N, P Co–Doped 3D Hierarchical Carbons as High‐Efficiency Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts for Zn–Air Battery

“…The effectiveness of removing SiO 2 using PTFE is also demonstrated by other literatures . Three peaks were observed from the high‐resolution N 1s spectra centred at 398.1, 400.9 and 402.5 eV, which can be ascribed to pyridinic N, pyrrolic N and graphite N species in the catalyst (Figure C) . It should be mentioned that pyridinic N and graphitic N are regarded as high‐active N species for ORR.…”

“…[28][29] Three peaks were observed from the high-resolution N 1s spectra centred at 398.1, 400.9 and 402.5 eV, which can be ascribed to pyridinic N, pyrrolic N and graphite N species in the catalyst ( Figure 2C). [30][31] It should be mentioned that pyridinic N and graphitic N are regarded as high-active N species for ORR. Therefore, the percentage of various N species are calculated.…”

Green synthesis of hierarchical carbon coupled with Fe3O4/Fe2C as an efficient catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

“…where J is the measured current density, J K and J L are the kinetically limited and diffusion-limited current densities, o is the angular velocity of the disk, n is the electron transfer number, F is the Faraday constant (96 485 C mol À1 ), C 0 is the bulk concentration of O 2 (C 0 = 1.2 Â 10 À6 mol cm À3 in 0.1 M KOH), D 0 is the diffusion coefficient of O 2 (D 0 = 1.9 Â 10 À5 cm 2 s À1 in 0.1 M KOH), and V is the kinematic viscosity of the electrolyte (V = 0.01 cm 2 s À1 in 0.1 M KOH). 50 According to the rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) test, the yield of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 %) and electron transfer number (n) in the ORR process can be calculated using the following equations:…”