2D–Organic Hybrid Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Applications

Abstract

The unique properties of hybrid heterostructures have motivated the integration of two or more different types of nanomaterials into a single optoelectronic device structure. Despite the promising features of organic semiconductors, such as their acceptable optoelectronic properties, availability of low-cost processes for their fabrication, and flexibility, further optimization of both material properties and device performances remains to be achieved. With the emergence of atomically thin 2D materials, they have been integrated with conventional organic semiconductors to form multidimensional heterostructures that overcome the present limitations and provide further opportunities in the field of optoelectronics. Herein, a comprehensive review of emerging 2D-organic heterostructures-from their synthesis and fabrication to their state-of-the-art optoelectronic applications-is presented. Future challenges and opportunities associated with these heterostructures are highlighted.solution-processed on any substrate inexpensively and at relatively low temperatures, which is highly advantageous for their scale-up from fundamental studies to industrial-level production. [6][7][8][9][10] Initial examples of developed organic semiconductors include field-effect transistors (FETs), [4,5,[11][12][13][14][15] photodetectors (PDs), [5,16,17] photovoltaics (PVs), [5,16,18,19] light-emitting diodes (LEDs), [5,16,20] and so on. In spite of the demonstration of promising prototypes of organic semiconductors, their development and optimization for highperformance device applications remain a challenge. In particular, it is becoming increasingly difficult to impart suitable properties to individual materials and realize appropriate physical dimensions in order to satisfy increasing demands of multifunctionality for fundamental studies, device designs, and performance optimization. [21,22] Consequently, such challenges and opportunities can be addressed by performing multidimensional integration or hybridization of organic semiconductors with various types of materials having potentially novel functionalities and unique properties.2D van der Waals (vdW) materials are the most obvious candidate for such hybridization with organic semiconductors. [22,23] Since the discovery of graphene, which opened up new avenues ranging from fundamental studies to real-world applications, [24][25][26][27] several other groups of 2D vdW materials have also been discovered, such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), [28,29] transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), [23,[30][31][32][33][34] black phosphorus (BP), [35][36][37][38][39][40] borophene, [41][42][43] silicene, [43] and germanene. [43] The 2D structure has been demonstrated to possess several exceptional electrical, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties vis-à-vis its corresponding bulk counterpart. [22,25,27] Most importantly, from the viewpoint of hybridization with organic semiconductors, the atomically flat and dangling-bond-free surface of 2D vdW materials not only provides an ideal int...

Effect of the Interfacial Energy Landscape on Photoinduced Charge Generation at the ZnPc/MoS2 Interface

“…Hence, organic molecules can be combined readily with TMDCs to produce heterostructures that possess advantages of both materials. [4][5][6][7] For instance, organic molecules are excellent light absorbers and the thickness of an organic film can be controlled easily. They can be combined with TMDCs, which have outstanding and gate-tunable carrier mobility, to produce sensitive detectors and gatetunable p-n junctions.…”

MoS2 and Perylene Derivative Based Type‐II Heterostructure: Bandgap Engineering and Giant Photoluminescence Enhancement

“…where C n (1) signifies amplitudes of first order in the strength parameter of the time-dependent potential. V ni is dipole transition matrix between initial i to final states n (V ni is often similar if the final states n are similar) and ρ is the density of the final state.…”

Organic Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors Based on Organic-2D Heterostructures

“…Two-dimensional materials are a class of novel materials with covalent bonds among the single layer while the van der Waals (vdWs) interactions between different layers are weak (Castro Neto et al, 2009;Butler et al, 2013;Bonaccorso et al, 2015;Novoselov et al, 2016;Tan et al, 2017). The in-plane lattice can offer epitaxy templates for the growth of OSCs, while the dangling-bond-free surface of 2D materials and vdWs interactions between the 2D material surface and the OSC layers allow for the assembled molecules to keep their favored manners without large stresses resulting in structural instability (Yang et al, 2015;Sun et al, 2019). Meanwhile the vdWs nature of the molecule-molecule interaction in organic crystals allow for more flexible lattice parameters, making it easier to realize the lattice match epitaxy (Wang et al, 2014a).…”

“…Herein we emphasize on the recent progress of OFETs based on OSC/2D heterostructures from materials, film growth, electronic structure optimization, and device performance to gain a full view of the OSC/2D hybrid FETs. It is worth noting that OSC/2D heterostructures also show their potential in applications for many different kinds of organic optoelectronic devices such as OPVs and OLEDs, and they can also effectively improve device performances in many 2D material-based devices, and there have been several reviews summarizing such topics (Gobbi et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2019). Therefore, in this paper, we will focus on the work of OSC/2D hybrid FETs, especially with OSCs working as the main active materials for FET conductive channels.…”

“…Table 1 summarizes these typical OSC-2D heterostructures and their device applications. Prior to the introduction of the FET progress, we will briefly summarize the constructing method for OSC/2D heterostructures, details can be found in other reviews (Sun et al, 2019). For the OSC/2D heterostructure, their different thermal and chemical properties make it hard to fabricate through one step or one method.…”