“…Metal chalcogenides constitute an important family of medium to narrow band gap semiconductors. Much attention has been given to the synthesis of binary metal chalcogenides, such as FeS, CdS, CoS, ZnS, SnS, PbS, NiS, MnS, Ag 2 S, Cu 2 S, In 3 S 2 , Bi 2 S 3 , Ga 2 S 3 , Sb 2 S 3 , WS 2 , and MoS 2 for applications in optoelectronics, − photovoltaics, − piezoelectronics, thermoelectronics, − and, for the layered metal chalcogenides, as solid lubricants in mechanical systems. − Furthermore, many ternary and quaternary metal sulfides, for example, copper iron sulfide (CuFeS 2 , CFS) and copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS, Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 ), are used as absorber layers in thin film photovoltaic devices because of their photoelectric characteristics, which are suitable for potentially inexpensive and sustainable solar energy generation. − Various methods have been used for the deposition of metal chalcogenide thin films, such as chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, anodization, successive ionic adsorption and reaction (SILAR), electroconversion, chemical bath deposition, and solution–gas interface techniques. − Among those techniques, spray deposition is potentially a very simple and cost-effective technique for the deposition of metal sulfide films for large and complex surfaces.…”