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Abstract

Population control is a significant issue worldwide especially in developing countries like India. Population breakout has responsible for various deleterious effects on life surviving resources on the earth. Therefore fertility regulation is necessary for the conservation of life supporting resources as well as good reproductive life of both males and females. Various chemical methods of contraception are available today but these methods possess several side effects. Herbal medicinal plants have been used as safe alternatives of the chemical methods. Evaluation of the herbal medicinal plants has been in progress for several decades to identify effective and safe substances for fertility regulation. Several medicinal plant extract were investigated for their antifertility activity both in male and female animal models. This review covered scientific proven information on various medicinal plants used for antifertility activity in both males and females. This review provides information on botanical name along with their common name, antifertility activity, part used and their phytochemicals present in plants. INTRODUCTION: Fertility control is a significant issue of global and national public health concern. Ever increasing human population throughout the world particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries has inevitable effects on the life supporting resources on the earth and also detrimental effects on all aspects of development especially employment, education, housing, health care, sanitation and environment 1, 2. In 2005 G.C., world population is estimated to be 6.5 billion. The number is expected to increase by 2.5 billion over the next 45 year, 6.5 billion to 9 billion in 2050.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Air Buah Pepaya Muda (Carica papaya.L) terhadap Gambaran Histologi Ovarium Tikus Betina (Rattus norvegicus)

“…Getah (lateks) dari buah pepaya muda memiliki efek yang sama dengan oksitosin pada uterus tikus hamil maupun tidak hamil (Gouado et al, 2007) Bahan aktif pepaya yaitu triterpenoid saponin, alkaloid dan flavanoid yang merupakan salah satu turunan steroid, bahan aktif steroid dan triterpenoid diduga sebagai bahan aktif yang bekerja sebagai faktor antifertilitas. Kedua bahan aktif tersebut diduga mampu mengakibatkan gangguan pada jalur hipotalamus hipofise yang selanjutnya mengakibatkan gangguan sekresi GnRH yang kemudian akan berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan, perkembangan dan pematangan folikel (Plants, Dhamija and Aurangabad, 2015) Bahan antifertilitas yang bekerja pada poros hipothalamus-hipofise-ovarium mempunyai aktifitas gonadotropin, dengan mekanisme umpan balik negatif dari hipothalamus yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi GnRH. Hal ini akan berpengaruh pada sekresi FSH dan LH dari hipofise anterior, sehingga sekresi FSH dan LH rendah, dimana kedua hormon ini sangat berpengaruh dalam pembentukan, perkembangan dan pematangan folikel ovarium serta proses ovulasi (Gouado et al, 2007) Senyawa saponin dan flavonoid dapat disintesis menjadi antiestrogen di dalam tubuh.…”

“…Pengaruh lain dari senyawa ini adalah kelenjar serviks menjadi sedikit dan lebih kental, keadaan ini akan mengganggu motilitas spermatozoa, maka tidak terjadi fertilisasi meskipun terjadi perkawinan. Efek lain antiestrogen menyebabkan atrofi endometrium, sehingga meskipun terjadi fertilisasi proses implantasi akan terganggu (Plants, Dhamija and Aurangabad, 2015) Saponin mempunyai pengaruh negatif terhadap reproduksi ternak seperti aborsi atau kematian, menyebabkan steril dan penghentian proses kebuntingan. Saponin berperan besar dalam pengeluaran hormon Luteinizing.…”

Contraceptive and Phytochemical Profile of Lime-Yellow Pea (Macrotyloma axillare, E. Mey) Verdc: A Tropical Climber

“…Seed decoction of this plant also possess anti-arthritic [23], anti-urolithic [24] and hypoglycaemic [25] properties. Additionally, it has shown antihelmintic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities [26]. These properties are mainly attributed to the phytochemicals found in the plant including alkaloids, saponins, flavanoids, phytosterols, tannins, fatty acids and terpenoids [27].…”

The Side Effect of the Melastoma malabathricum L Ethanol Extract on the Gonad Maturation of Female Orange Mud Crab (Scylla olivacea)

“…In male individuals, there is a decrease in testosterone levels and concentration and spermatozoa motility and sexual disfunction (Cherdshewasart et al 2008). In female individuals, antifertility disorders are caused by mechanisms such as interruptions of the oestrus cycle, anti-estrogenic agents, anti-implantation agents, and abortive agents (Devi et al 2015). The decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels (Adewale et al 2014) and oestrus cycle disorders in rats cause abortions (Raj et al 2011).…”