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Kent, George

doi:10.1186/1746-4358-1-27

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Following earlier iterations the following principle was formulated:‘Infants have the right to be breastfed, in the sense that no one may interfere with their mothers’ right to breastfeed them’ [2]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening the human rights framework to protect breastfeeding: a focus on CEDAW

Galtry

2015

Int Breastfeed J

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BackgroundThere have been recent calls for increased recognition of breastfeeding as a human right. The United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1979 (CEDAW) is the core human rights treaty on women. CEDAW’s approach to breastfeeding is considered from an historical perspective. A comparison is drawn with breastfeeding protection previously outlined in the International Labour Organization’s Maternity Protection Convention, 1919 (ILO C3), and its 1952 revision (ILO C103), and subsequently, in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 (CRC).DiscussionDespite breastfeeding’s sex-specific significance to an international human rights treaty on women and CEDAW’s emphasis on facilitating women’s employment, CEDAW is, in reality, a relatively weak instrument for breastfeeding protection. In both its text and subsequent interpretations explicit recognition of breastfeeding is minimal or nonexistent. Explanations for this are proposed and contextualised in relation to various political, social and economic forces, especially those influencing notions of gender equality. During the mid to late 1970s -when CEDAW was formulated - breastfeeding posed a strategic challenge for key feminist goals, particularly those of equal employment opportunity, gender neutral childrearing policy and reproductive rights. Protective legislation aimed at working women had been rejected as outdated and oppressive. Moreover, the right of women to breastfeed was generally assumed, with choice over infant feeding practices often perceived as the right NOT to breastfeed. There was also little awareness or analysis of the various structural obstacles to breastfeeding’s practice, such as lack of workplace support, that undermine ‘choice’. Subsequent interpretations of CEDAW show that despite significant advances in scientific and epidemiological knowledge about breastfeeding's importance for short-term and long-term maternal health, breastfeeding continues to be inadequately addressed in international human rights law on women. A comparison is made with CRC and its subsequent elaborations. Increasing recognition of the need to protect, promote and support breastfeeding within the framework of CRC but not that of CEDAW suggests that breastfeeding is regarded primarily as a children's rights issue but only minimally as a women's rights issue.SummaryThe human rights framework requires strengthening in every direction to protect, promote and support breastfeeding. Discussion is needed regarding whether a separate strengthening of the international human rights framework on women is required with regard to breastfeeding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening the human rights framework to protect breastfeeding: a focus on CEDAW

Galtry

2015

Int Breastfeed J

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“…Despite that great knowledge, relatively little progress has been made in improving BF outcomes, such as early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. 3 Due to its individual and collective importance, the access to BF protection and support has also been framed as a human right with issues of social justice and equity becoming superlative. 68 Lactation plays an important role in maternal recovery from pregnancy, and can determine multiple aspects of maternal health in later life.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mother, in consultation with other family members, should be the one who decides how the child is to be fed, and in making this decision, the mother must be supported and aided by family, employers, health professionals and society. 3 It is also the duty of health professionals to identify the knowledge, previous experience and social and family context of women since the prenatal period to promote educational actions directed at the introduction and maintenance of BF when she so decides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, lactation is the direct and natural result of pregnancy and birth, like an integral part of reproductive process that benefits both mother and child simultaneously. 3 The interaction of all of these factors will culminate with the production of milk and will definitely cause changes in the maternal organism by also favoring good physical and emotional health conditions for the nursing mother extending into her future life. 4,5 Benefits for the Mother Breastfeeding (BF) seems to be related to good physical and emotional health for the mother during the puerperium, the lactation period and all her future life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women's Health

Ciampo

2018

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet

214

126

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The offer of the maternal breast to the baby is an unquestionable right of mothers and their children, and all efforts should be made to promote, follow and maintain exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months and supplement it until the child completes 2 years of age. Many publications are available in the literature about the qualities of breast milk, its benefits and health repercussions, stimulating the practice of breastfeeding and supporting campaigns for its implementation. However, although it is widely known that breastfeeding is an important step in the reproductive process of women and its practice offers benefits to both mother and child, most of the available information highlights the benefits of breast milk for children, while mention of the effects of breastfeeding on the health of the mother is usually neglected. Thus, the objective of the present study is to highlight the multiple benefits of breastfeeding for the physical and emotional health of the nursing mother. The authors consulted articles published in the databases PubMed, Virtual Health Library and Web of Science using the keywords breastfeeding, breast milk, lactation and maternal health. Palavras-Chave► aleitamento materno ► leite materno ► período pós-parto ResumoA oferta do seio materno às crianças é um direito inquestionável das mães e de seus filhos, e todos os esforços devem ser feitos no sentido de promover, acompanhar e manter o aleitamento materno exclusivo até os 6 meses e complementado até que a criança complete 2 anos de idade. A literatura apresenta incontáveis publicações acerca das qualidades do leite materno, seus benefícios e repercussões para a saúde, estimulando a prática do aleitamento materno e embasando campanhas. Porém, mesmo sendo de conhecimento geral que a amamentação é uma importante etapa no processo reprodutivo da mulher e que sua prática oferece benefícios para mãe e filho, a grande maioria das informações destacam os benefícios que o leite materno oferece às crianças, esquecendo-se de mencionar todas as repercussões que o aleitamento materno traz para a saúde da mãe. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é destacar os inúmeros benefícios que o aleitamento materno proporciona à saúde física e emocional da lactante. Para tanto, os autores consultaram artigos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e Web of Science utilizando as palavras-chave aleitamento materno, leite materno, lactação e saúde materna.

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“…Breastfeeding is also a rights issue for women (Galtry, ). A mother is not obligated to breastfeed her child, but no one may interfere with a mother's right to breastfeed her child (Kent, ). Women have the right to accurate, unbiased information needed to make an informed decision about breastfeeding and the right to an environment that enables them to carry it out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New World Health Organization guidance helps protect breastfeeding as a human right

Grummer‐Strawn

Zehner

Stahlhofer

et al. 2017

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Written by the WHO/UNICEF NetCode author group, the comment focuses on the need to protect families from promotion of breast‐milk substitutes and highlights new WHO Guidance on Ending Inappropriate Promotion of Foods for Infants and Young Children. The World Health Assembly welcomed this Guidance in 2016 and has called on all countries to adopt and implement the Guidance recommendations. NetCode, the Network for Global Monitoring and Support for Implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast‐milk Substitutes and Subsequent Relevant World Health Assembly Resolutions, is led by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund. NetCode members include the International Baby Food Action Network, World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action, Helen Keller International, Save the Children, and the WHO Collaborating Center at Metropol University. The comment frames the issue as a human rights issue for women and children, as articulated by a statement from the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.

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Abstract: Background: The human right to adequate food needs to be interpreted for the special case of young children because they are vulnerable, others make the choices for them, and their diets are not diverse. There are many public policy issues relating to child feeding.

Cited by 31 publications

References 6 publications

Strengthening the human rights framework to protect breastfeeding: a focus on CEDAW

Strengthening the human rights framework to protect breastfeeding: a focus on CEDAW

Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women's Health

New World Health Organization guidance helps protect breastfeeding as a human right

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