3 Chemical Control of Virus Diseases of Plants

Ac, Cassells

doi:10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70218-2

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Thus, catechinic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid acquired a stable conformation inside the binding pocket, interacting with a high number of residues. Ribavirin is described in literature as a tobamovirus inhibitor, specifically active against TMV [ 92 , 93 ]. Several authors recently investigated the interaction pattern of ribavirin-CP complex and its binding between two CP subunits [ 73 , 89 , 91 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoxidation Products of the Methanolic Extract of the Leaves of Combretum micranthum Exert Antiviral Activity against Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV)

Iobbi

Lanteri²,

Minuto³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a new damaging plant virus of great interest from both an economical and research point of view. ToBRFV is transmitted by contact, remains infective for months, and to-date, no resistant cultivars have been developed. Due to the relevance of this virus, new effective, sustainable, and operator-safe antiviral agents are needed. Thus, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was identified as the main product of the alkaline autoxidation at high temperature of the methanolic extract of the leaves of C. micranthum, known for antiviral activity. The autoxidized extract and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were assayed in in vitro experiments, in combination with a mechanical inoculation test of tomato plants. Catechinic acid, a common product of rearrangement of catechins in hot alkaline solution, was also tested. Degradation of the viral particles, evidenced by the absence of detectable ToBRFV RNA and the loss of virus infectivity, as a possible consequence of disassembly of the virus coat protein (CP), were shown. Homology modeling was then applied to prepare the protein model of ToBRFV CP, and its structure was optimized. Molecular docking simulation showed the interactions of the two compounds, with the amino acid residues responsible for CP-CP interactions. Catechinic acid showed the best binding energy value in comparison with ribavirin, an anti-tobamovirus agent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoxidation Products of the Methanolic Extract of the Leaves of Combretum micranthum Exert Antiviral Activity against Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV)

Iobbi

Lanteri²,

Minuto³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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“…Nucleoside analogs, bearing a modified nitrogenous base, exert antiviral activity by converting into nucleotide metabolites, causing mutations in viral RNA and thus increasing the frequency of defective viral RNA. Ribavirin is reported to have inhibitory activity on plant viruses ( Cassells, 1983 ; Lerch, 1987 ) and is currently used as a chemotherapy agent for in vitro virus elimination on many plant species ( Panattoni et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2018 ). It had been included as a synthetic benchmark for evaluating antiphytoviral activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo Antiphytoviral Activity of Essential Oils and Hydrosols From Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, and Rosmarinus officinalis to Control Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Cucurbita pepo L.

et al. 2022

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In the last decades, the interest in biological activity of natural compounds has been growing. In plant protection, essential oils have been reported to exhibit antiviral, antimycotic, and antiparasitic activities, and are regarded as promising for the formulation of safe antimicrobial agents. Attention has also been focused on hydrosols, the by-products of hydro-distillation of essential oils. Their production is easy, fast, and cheap, and they seem to arise less concern for human health than essential oils. Plant viruses represent a major concern for agricultural crops since no treatment compound is available for virus control. This work was aimed at evaluating the antiphytoviral effectiveness of treatments with three essential oils and corresponding hydrosols extracted from Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, and Rosmarinus officinalis on Cucurbita pepo plants infected by zucchini yellow mosaic virus or tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus. Treatments were applied either concurrently or after virus inoculation to ascertain an inhibition or curative activity, respectively. Symptoms were observed and samplings were performed weekly. Virus titer and expression levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene (PAL) were measured on treated and untreated infected plants by real-time PCR. PAL gene plays an important role in plant defense response as it is involved in tolerance/resistance to phytopathogens. Results indicated that treatments were effective against tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus whether applied simultaneously with the inoculation or after. A major inhibition was observed with O. vulgare essential oil and hydrosol, resulting in 10–4-fold decrease of virus titer 3 weeks after treatment. Curative activity gave maximum results with all three essential oils and T. vulgaris and R. officinalis hydrosols, recording from 10–2-fold decrease to virus not detected 4 weeks after treatment. An induction of PAL gene expression was recorded at 12 d.p.i. and then was restored to the levels of untreated control. This allows to hypothesize an early plant defense response to virus infection, possibly boosted by treatments. Plant extracts’ composition was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phenols were largely main components of O. vulgare and T. vulgaris extracts (carvacrol and thymol, respectively), while extracts from R. officinalis were based on monoterpene hydrocarbons (essential oil) and oxygenated monoterpenes (hydrosol).

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“…Antiviral substances are strongly in demand to control virus diseases, but it has been documented that the agriculture field lacks antiviral chemicals [3]. Several chemicals have been found to be able to control virus replication and suppress virus disease symptoms [7], such as "benlate" and "bavistin", but unfortunately these chemicals failed to have any effect on the quantity of the virus in the leaves. Another problem is that many of these chemicals have negative properties such as, phytotoxic effects, probably bad effect on humans, animals, and the environment, so none of these compounds are used in applied fields for controlling plant viruses.…”

Section: Classical Chemicals Used As Virucidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants as Antiviral Agents

Waziri¹

2015

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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Viruses are microorganisms that infect all kinds of living organisms including plants, and cause remarkable lose in crop production. Although pesticides showed that they can protect plants from pest infections, there are no effective substances that can be used as potent virucides. Therefore, there is a continuous demand to produce chemicals in order to stop and cure viral infections in plants. However, toxicity and carcinogenicity issues were always attributed to chemical pesticides. Screening of natural products shined in the dark to find new safe virucides. The philosophy of selecting those plants is oriented towards plants that can protect themselves from viral infections. Plants have been reported as virus inhibitors and are able to prevent infection of viruses by inducing systemic resistance in noninfested parts of the plants, such as Boerhaavia diffusa, Clerodendrum aculeatum. Other plants defend themselves against virus infections; these plants contain ribosome inactivating proteins [RIPs], such as Phytolacca Americana, Mirabilis jalapa, Dianthus caryophullus. The methods used for extraction, separation, identification of those antiviral compounds are documented and discussed in this review.

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3 Chemical Control of Virus Diseases of Plants

Cited by 13 publications

References 104 publications

Autoxidation Products of the Methanolic Extract of the Leaves of Combretum micranthum Exert Antiviral Activity against Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV)

Autoxidation Products of the Methanolic Extract of the Leaves of Combretum micranthum Exert Antiviral Activity against Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV)

In vivo Antiphytoviral Activity of Essential Oils and Hydrosols From Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, and Rosmarinus officinalis to Control Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Cucurbita pepo L.

Plants as Antiviral Agents

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