3-D localization of virtual sound sources: Effects of visual environment, pointing method, and training

Majdak, Piotr; Goupell, Matthew J.; Laback, Bernhard

doi:10.3758/app.72.2.454

Cited by 114 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The results of our experiment are better than those obtained by Blum et al (2004), who recorded for their test group a mean precision error of 29 degrees and a rate of front-back confusions of 25% after the training session. Similarly, our results are comparable with those presented by Majdak et al (2010), who recorded a precision error of 23.3 degrees before training and of 19.8 degrees after the visual-auditory feedback based adaptation procedure. In what concerns the front-back confusion rate, our results are better than those obtained by Parseihian and Katz (2012), who recorded a reduction in the front-back confusion rate from 25-27% to 11% in the post-test session of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Multimodal Perceptual Training for Improving Spatial Auditory Performance in Blind and Sighted Listeners

Bălan¹,

Moldoveanu²,

Moldoveanu³

2015

Archives of Acoustics

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The use of individualised Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTF) is a fundamental prerequisite for obtaining an accurate rendering of 3D spatialised sounds in virtual auditory environments. The HRTFs are transfer functions that define the acoustical basis of auditory perception of a sound source in space and are frequently used in virtual auditory displays to simulate free-field listening conditions. However, they depend on the anatomical characteristics of the human body and significantly vary among individuals, so that the use of the same dataset of HRTFs for all the users of a designed system will not offer the same level of auditory performance. This paper presents an alternative approach to the use on non-individualised HRTFs that is based on a procedural learning, training, and adaptation to altered auditory cues. We tested the sound localisation performance of nine sighted and visually impaired people, before and after a series of perceptual (auditory, visual, and haptic) feedback based training sessions. The results demonstrated that our subjects significantly improved their spatial hearing under altered listening conditions (such as the presentation of 3D binaural sounds synthesised from non-individualized HRTFs), the improvement being reflected into a higher localisation accuracy and a lower rate of front-back confusion errors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Multimodal Perceptual Training for Improving Spatial Auditory Performance in Blind and Sighted Listeners

Bălan¹,

Moldoveanu²,

Moldoveanu³

2015

Archives of Acoustics

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“…This monotonic relationship between LE and frequency does not hold, however, for lateral angles, that is, for sound sources not located on the median plane (e.g., Giguère and Abel, 1993). In general, most reports indicate that listeners tend to overestimate the actual lateral position of sound sources located at angles larger than 30° by 5°-15° in both natural (Oldfield and Parker, 1984a) and virtual environments Majdak et al, 2010). In contrast, Perrott et al (1987) reported that their listeners had a tendency to underestimate the lateral positions of the sound sources.…”

Section: Absolute Localizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…These dynamic cues are the most important for low frequency sounds below 2 kHz (Thurlow and Mergener, 1970). Most authors report much larger localization errors when the listener's head is fixed than when the listener is allowed to turn his head toward the source of sound (e.g., Link and Lehnhardt, 1966) and several authors consider head movements as the most essential mechanism in solving front-back uncertainty (originally proposed as such by Van Soest, 1929, and later corroborated by Börger et al, 1977;DiCarlo and Brown, 1960;Mackensen, 2003;Majdak et al, 2010;Nordlund, 1962ab;Wallach, 1939;and Wightman and Kistler, 1999). studied the localization performance of listeners who were allowed to move their heads while keeping their torso straight.…”

Section: Head Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…REs in the absolute localization of sound sources in the horizontal and vertical planes in front of the listener are reported to be 4°-8° and 6°-8°, respectively (Bronkhorst, 1995;Pedersen and Jorgensen, 2005), although they can be as small as 1°-3° for sound source discrimination tasks (Blauert, 1974(Blauert, /2001 and as large as 15° in virtual environments (e.g., Bergault and Wenzel, 1993;Majdak et al, 2010). The size of RE increases slightly with sound source laterality but to a lesser degree than the size of CE (Perrott et al, 1987).…”

Section: Absolute Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auditory Spatial Perception: Auditory Localization

Łȩtowski¹,

Letowski²

2012

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.ii REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

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“…In some experiments on sound source localization, laser pointer-based methods [33][34][35] are often used to locate the exact location of sound source perceived and pointed by listeners. Since we mainly focus on the difference of perceived virtual sound location between processed and unprocessed multichannel audio excerpts, the listener just needs to tell how about the differences, obvious or not.…”

Section: Subjective Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

JND-based spatial parameter quantization of multichannel audio signals

Gao

Wang

et al. 2016

J AUDIO SPEECH MUSIC PROC.

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In multichannel spatial audio coding (SAC), the accurate representations of virtual sounds and the efficient compressions of spatial parameters are the key to perfect reproduction of spatial sound effects in 3D space. Just noticeable difference (JND) characteristics of human auditory system can be used to efficiently remove spatial perceptual redundancy in the quantization of spatial parameters. However, the quantization step sizes of spatial parameters in current SAC methods are not well correlated with the JND characteristics. It results in either spatial perceptual distortion or inefficient compression. A JND-based spatial parameter quantization (JSPQ) method is proposed in this paper. The quantization step sizes of spatial parameters are assigned according to JND values of azimuths in a full circle. The quantization codebook size of JSPQ was 56.7 % lower than one of the quantization codebooks of MPEG surround. Average bit rate reduction on spatial parameters for standard 5.1-channel signals reached up to approximately 13 % compared with MPEG surround, while preserving comparable subjective spatial quality.

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3-D localization of virtual sound sources: Effects of visual environment, pointing method, and training

Cited by 114 publications

References 37 publications

Multimodal Perceptual Training for Improving Spatial Auditory Performance in Blind and Sighted Listeners

Multimodal Perceptual Training for Improving Spatial Auditory Performance in Blind and Sighted Listeners

Auditory Spatial Perception: Auditory Localization

JND-based spatial parameter quantization of multichannel audio signals

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