3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitory activity of Indonesian Cajanus cajan leaves and Zingiber officinale extracts

Abstract

One indicator of antihypercholesterolemic candidates is their inhibitory activity on 3hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme. This study aimed to analyze the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activities of Cajanus cajan leaves, Zingiber officinale var Amarum and Zingiber officinale var Rubrum. C. cajan leaves and two types of Z. officinale were extracted using the maceration method with three solvents: distilled water, 70% ethanol and 96% ethanol. All nine types of resulted extracts were then analyzed for bioactive compounds and tested for the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity using the HMG-CoA reductase analysis kit (BioVision’s K588-100). It was carried out in vitro using a colorimetric microplate reader with a wavelength of 340 nm at 37°C. The results showed that the extracts contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroids. The nine extracts showed inhibitory activities on the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. The three extracts showed the highest inhibitory activity; 70% ethanolic Z. officinale var Amarum extract (47.87%), aqueous Z. officinale var Rubrum extract (40.62%) and 70% ethanolic C. cajan leaves extract (39.38%). These results indicate that the three extracts have a medium inhibitory level of HMG-CoA reductase. The study suggested that the three types of extracts could be used as antihypercholesterolemic candidates such as antihypercholesterolemic functional food.

Cajanus cajan Leaves and Ginger Increase Antioxidant Defence in Pancreatic Diabetic Rats: An Immunohistochemical Study

“…It has been reported that the 96% ethanol extract of C. cajan leaves extract from Lombok contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids (Wresdiyati et al, 2020a). Similarly, the 96% ethanol extract of ginger (Z. officinale) var.…”

“…amarum rhizome were dried in the oven at 45°C for two days and one night, then they were grounded and filtered separately at a size of 80 mesh. The powdered pigeon pea leaves and ginger were extracted using 96% ethanol and maceration methods separately, as described by Wresdiyati et al (2015a;2020a). The two extracts were evaporated separately to get two dry extracts.…”

“…Aqueous and methanolic extracts of ginger extract were also reported to exhibit antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities (Wresdiyati and Astawan, 2004;Wresdiyati et al, 2007;Okafor and Okafor, 2022). Wresdiyati et al (2020a) also reported combination of ethanolic C. cajan leaves extract and ginger extract resulted in a hypoglycemic effect in experimental hyperglycemic rats. The hypoglycemic effect was greater than that of C. cajan leaves or ginger extract.…”

“…Methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous extracts of Cajanus cajan leaves exhibited antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and alphaglucosidase inhibitory activities (Aja et al, 2015;Mahitha et al, 2015;Wresdiyati et al, 2020a;Tungmunnithum et al, 2021). Aqueous and methanolic extracts of ginger extract were also reported to exhibit antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities (Wresdiyati and Astawan, 2004;Wresdiyati et al, 2007;Okafor and Okafor, 2022).…”

Potensi Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco sebagai inhibitor enzim HMGCoA reductase

“…Struktur cincin hidrofobik dari statin menghubungi residu dalam heliks L1 dan L10 dari domain besar enzim . Tidak ada bagian yang memanjang Situs pengikatan NADP(H) ditempati oleh statin [12]. Struktur yang disajikan di sini menggambarkan hal itu statin menghambat HMGR dengan mengikat aktif situs enzim, sehingga mencegah secara sterik substrat dari pengikatan.…”