31.3 A 0.14mm<sup>2</sup> 16MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference with a 1-Point Trimmed Inaccuracy of ±400ppm from -45°C to 85°C

Jiang, Hui; Pan, Sining; Gürleyük, Çağrı; Makinwa, Kofi A. A.

doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365795

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Using two-point temperature (2T) trimming per sample, the highest reported accuracies for an LC- [16] and RC-based [6] frequency reference are ±50 ppm over a temperature range of 105°C and ±200 ppm over 130°C respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the work in [20] reports the best single temperature (1T) trimmed frequency reference. The RC-based reference with a frequency locked-loop achieves an accuracy of ±400 ppm over 130°C.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single-Trim Frequency Reference Achieving ±120 ppm Accuracy From −50 °C to 170 °C

Delke

Annema

Alink

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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A single-trim, highly accurate Colpitts-based frequency reference is presented. Our analysis shows that the Colpitts-topology outperforms the cross-coupled LC-topology in terms of temperature stability. Measurements on prototypes in a 0.13 µm high voltage CMOS SOI process were carried out from −50 to 170°C. Based on sample-specific single room temperature trim and batch calibration, our frequency reference achieves an accuracy of ±120 ppm for 16 samples from a single wafer utilized for extracting the batch-calibration polynomial, and ±300 ppm for 48 samples across 3 wafers from the same batch. This is a 4x improvement over related single-trim stateof-the-art solutions. Frequency drift due to ageing, tested after a 6-day 175°C storage, is below 100 ppm. The oscillator core dissipates 3.5 mW from a 2.5 V supply and has 220 ppm/V supply-sensitivity without supply regulation.

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confidence: 99%

A Single-Trim Frequency Reference Achieving ±120 ppm Accuracy From −50 °C to 170 °C

Delke

Annema

Alink

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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“…Digital components of the DFLL (decimation filters, temperature compensation, loop filter, and the digital M) were realized off-chip in an FPGA. An areaoptimized version [10] of the digital design is estimated to consume 0.1 mm 2 area in the same process. The 20 samples from a single batch were packaged in ceramic DIL24 packages.…”

Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 16 MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference With ±90 ppm Inaccuracy From −45 °C to 85 °C

Gürleyük

Pan

Makinwa

2022

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This article presents a 16-MHz RC frequency reference implemented in a standard 180-nm CMOS process. It consists of a frequency-locked loop (FLL) in which the output frequency of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is locked to the frequency-phase characteristic of a Wien bridge RC filter. Since it is made from on-chip resistors and capacitors, the filter's characteristic is temperature dependent. To compensate for this, the control signal of the DCO is derived by digitizing the filter's output phase and combining it with the digital output of a Wheatstone bridge temperature sensor. After a two-point trim, this digital temperature compensation scheme achieves an inaccuracy of ±90 ppm from −45 • C to 85 • C. The frequency reference draws 220 µA from a 1.8-V supply, with a supply sensitivity of 0.12%/V and a 320-ppb Allan Deviation floor for a 10-s stride.

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“…Recently, similar inaccuracy of ±400 ppm has been achieved with a single room-temperature trim [56]. Similar to [55], the FLL also constructed based on a WB filter and a WhB temperature sensor.…”

Section: ) High Precision Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Similar to [55], the FLL also constructed based on a WB filter and a WhB temperature sensor. Instead of a separate implementation, [56] combined both WB and WhB into single architecture (Fig. 15(c)).…”

Section: ) High Precision Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fully-Integrated Timers for Ultra-Low-Power Internet-of-Things Nodes—Fundamentals and Design Techniques

et al. 2022

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Driven by the momentum toward compact and low-power Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems, the research on fully-integrated and energy-efficient kHz-to-MHz timers increased explosively. This article examines recent publications on timers and classifies them into two major categories: open-loop-based and close-loop-based timers. Upon introducing the basic parameters for characterizing a timer, we perform an extensive investigation to gain insights into recent state-of-the-art works. We also discuss in detail the comparison between the two classes of timers. With the aid of the state-of-the-art, we present a comprehensive review from multiple perspectives, such as Energy Efficiency, Temperature Coefficient, Temperature Range, Figure-of-Merit, etc.

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31.3 A 0.14mm² 16MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference with a 1-Point Trimmed Inaccuracy of ±400ppm from -45°C to 85°C

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

A Single-Trim Frequency Reference Achieving ±120 ppm Accuracy From −50 °C to 170 °C

A Single-Trim Frequency Reference Achieving ±120 ppm Accuracy From −50 °C to 170 °C

A 16 MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference With ±90 ppm Inaccuracy From −45 °C to 85 °C

Fully-Integrated Timers for Ultra-Low-Power Internet-of-Things Nodes—Fundamentals and Design Techniques

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31.3 A 0.14mm2 16MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference with a 1-Point Trimmed Inaccuracy of ±400ppm from -45°C to 85°C

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

A Single-Trim Frequency Reference Achieving ±120 ppm Accuracy From −50 °C to 170 °C

A Single-Trim Frequency Reference Achieving ±120 ppm Accuracy From −50 °C to 170 °C

A 16 MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference With ±90 ppm Inaccuracy From −45 °C to 85 °C

Fully-Integrated Timers for Ultra-Low-Power Internet-of-Things Nodes—Fundamentals and Design Techniques

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31.3 A 0.14mm² 16MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference with a 1-Point Trimmed Inaccuracy of ±400ppm from -45°C to 85°C