398 Effects of in utero heat stress on boar growth and reproduction prior to, during, and after puberty

Proctor, Jarret A; Lugar, Drew; Lucy, M.C.; Safranski, Timothy J.; Stewart, Kara R

doi:10.2527/asasmw.2017.398

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, no significant change in litter size was observed for offspring of IUHS and IUTN gilts (10.8 ± 0.8 vs. 11.6 ± 0.8, respectively) (Bernhard, Safranski, Lamberson, & Lucy, ), although the direction and magnitude of the numeric difference were similar to that reported by Safranski et al (). Littermate IUHS boars used in the Bernhard et al () study possessed decreased sperm production and reduced sperm quality compared with IUTN boars (Proctor, Lugar, Lucy, Safranski, & Stewart, ). Therefore, gestational heat stress may impact the reproductive performance of both gilts and boars.…”

Section: Performance Of Offspring After Weaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress in pregnant sows: Thermal responses and subsequent performance of sows and their offspring

Lucy

Safranski

2017

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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Seasonal infertility is a significant problem in the swine industry, and may be influenced by photoperiod and heat stress. Heat stress during gestation in particular affects pregnancy, resulting in long-term developmental damage to the offspring. This review summarizes what is known about how heat stress on the pregnant sow affects lactation and her offspring. Sows responded to heat stress during gestation with increased rectal temperature, respiration rate, and skin temperature, and tended to reduce their activity-which may have changed their body composition, increasing the adipose-to-muscle ratio. Heat stress during gestation caused temporary insulin resistance during lactation, but this metabolic state did not seem to affect health, lactation, or rebreeding performance of the sow. Heat-stressed sows also presented with a shorter gestation period and reduced litter birth weight, although weaning weights are not affected when these sows are moved to thermoneutral conditions for lactation. The offspring of gestational heat-stressed sows, however, possessed unique phenotypes, including elevated body temperature, greater fat deposition, and impaired gonad development. Thus, gestational heat stress may significantly impact a herd through its effects on sows and their offspring. Further work is necessary to determine the magnitude of the effects across fa cilities and breeds.

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Section: Performance Of Offspring After Weaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress in pregnant sows: Thermal responses and subsequent performance of sows and their offspring

Lucy

Safranski

2017

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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“…Gestation length can be reduced ( 18 ), but farrowing duration increased ( 9 ), increasing risk of stillbirths. As well as the direct effect on offspring as a consequence of altered milk production, offspring from heat stressed mothers can themselves have lower fertility, with gilts having smaller litters ( 19 ) and boars having poorer sperm quality ( 20 ). Overall, the economic cost is in the hundreds of millions of dollars annually, in the USA alone ( 21 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Floor Cooling on Behavior and Heart Rate of Late Lactation Sows Under Acute Heat Stress

et al. 2018

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Much U.S. swine production is in Köppen climate types classified as “hot-summer humid continental” and “humid subtropical.” As a result, farrowing sows are often exposed to temperatures above their upper critical temperature. This heat stress (HS) can affect sow welfare and productivity and have a negative economic impact. The study objective was to evaluate the impact of a cooling pad on sows' behavioral and heart rate responses to acute HS. Treatments were randomly allotted to ten multiparous sows to receive a constant cool water flow of 0.00 (CONTROL, n = 4), 0.25 (LOW, n = 2), 0.55 (MEDIUM, n = 2), or 0.85 (HIGH, n = 2) L/min for 100 min and replicated eight times, switching treatments so that each sow was exposed to each treatment. The cooling was initiated 1 h after the room reached 35°C for 100 min. Eating, drinking and nursing behaviors, postures, and heart rate were recorded before heating (Period 1), prior to cooling (Period 2), and during cooling (Period 3). There were no differences between LOW, MEDIUM, and HIGH flow rates for any periods on all behavioral and heart rate traits, so data were pooled (COOLED). There were no differences in any of the measures during Periods 1 and 2, except for the ratio of short term to long term heart rate variability (SD1:SD2) with higher values for CONTROL than COOLED sows in Period 2. During Period 3, CONTROL sows changed postures more frequently (11.5 ±1.6 vs. 5.1 ±1.6 changes per hour), spent more time drinker-pressing/drinking (4.4 ± 0.5 vs. 1.4 ± 0.4% of time), standing (6.6 ± 1.7 vs. 3.8 ± 1.6% of time), sitting (10.0 ± 1.2 vs. 4.0 ± 1.1), less time lying (83.0 ±1.8 vs. 92.0 ±1.7% of time), especially lying laterally (62.0 ± 5.6 vs. 75.0 ± 5.3% of time), than sows in all three cooling treatments (all P < 0.001). Heart rate during Period 3 was lower for COOLED sows compared to the CONTROL sows (100.2 ± 3.4 vs. 119.0 ± 4.0 beat per min, P < 0.001). Sows response to increased thermal load can be effectively reduced using water-cooled cooling pads, thereby improving sow comfort and welfare. The beneficial effects on behavior are noticeable from the lowest flow rate.

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“…Likewise, the offspring of restrictively fed sows on a low fibre diet showed more aggressive behaviour prior to weaning compared to the offspring of sows fed a high fibre diet ( 187 ). Heat stress also generates sufficient chronic stress in pregnant sows to lead to developmental damage to their offspring in utero ( 88 ); this includes altered offspring thermoregulatory ability ( 188 ), carcass composition ( 189 ), as well as sex-specific effects, such as reduced numbers of functional ovarian oocytes in female offspring ( 189 ), and reduced sperm number and quality in male offspring ( 190 ). Such findings confirm that exposing sows to a range of potential chronic stressors experienced during gestation does indeed cause a level of prenatal stress that has long-term, negative effects on offspring ( 183 ).…”

Section: Prenatal Effects Of Chronic Stress In Sows On Their Offspringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Chronic Stress in Sows Housed in Groups, and Associated Risks of Prenatal Stress in Their Offspring

2022

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Chronic stress has a detrimental effect on sow welfare and productivity, as well as on the welfare and resilience of their piglets, mediated prenatally. Despite this, the specific risk factors for chronic stress in pregnant sows are understudied. Group-housed pregnant sows continuously face numerous challenges associated with aspects of the physical (group type and size, flooring, feeding system) and social (stocking density, mixing strategy) environment. There are many well-known potent stressors for pigs that likely contribute to chronic, physiological stress, including overcrowding, hot temperatures, feed restriction, inability to forage, uncomfortable floors, and poor handling. Some of these stressors also contribute to the development of production diseases such as lameness, which in turn are also likely causes of chronic stress because of the associated pain and difficulty accessing resources. The aim of this review is to discuss potential risk factors for chronic stress in pregnant sows such as space allowance, group size and type (stable/dynamic), feeding level, lameness, pen design, feed system, enrichment and rooting material, floor type, the quality of stockmanship, environmental conditions, and individual sow factors. The mechanisms of action of both chronic and prenatal stress, as well as the effects of the latter on offspring are also discussed. Gaps in existing research and recommendations for future work are outlined.

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398 Effects of in utero heat stress on boar growth and reproduction prior to, during, and after puberty

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Heat stress in pregnant sows: Thermal responses and subsequent performance of sows and their offspring

Heat stress in pregnant sows: Thermal responses and subsequent performance of sows and their offspring

Effect of Floor Cooling on Behavior and Heart Rate of Late Lactation Sows Under Acute Heat Stress

Risk Factors for Chronic Stress in Sows Housed in Groups, and Associated Risks of Prenatal Stress in Their Offspring

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