Heat stress in pregnant sows: Thermal responses and subsequent performance of sows and their offspring

Lucy, M.C.; Safranski, Timothy J.

doi:10.1002/mrd.22844

Cited by 74 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…In agreement with previous studies, our data demonstrated a significant reduction in porcine PRL levels due to elevated ambient temperature. In our study, no significant effects of HS were observed on the number of live piglets born per litter, nor on litter birth weight; similar findings were reported by Lucy and Safranski (2017), who demonstrated no clear influences of gestational HS on the number of piglets born live per litter. The seasonal influences of our study and that have been reported previously on piglet traits at birth are mainly caused by a delayed response to ambient temperature, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Emerging Roles of Heat-Induced circRNAs Related to Lactogenesis in Lactating Sows

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Genet.

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Heat stress negatively influences milk production and disrupts normal physiological activity of lactating sows, but the precious mechanisms by which hyperthermia adversely affects milk synthesis in sows still remain for further study. Circular RNAs are a novel class of non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions in various physiological and pathological processes. The expression profiles and functions of circRNAs of sows in lactogenesis remain largely unknown. In the present study, long-term heat stress (HS) resulted in a greater concentration of serum HSP70, LDH, and IgG, as well as decreased levels of COR, SOD, and PRL. HS reduced the total solids, fat, and lactose of sow milk, and HS significantly depressed CSNas1, CSNas2, and CSNk biosynthesis. Transcriptome sequencing of lactating porcine mammary glands identified 42 upregulated and 25 downregulated transcripts in HS vs. control. Functional annotation of these differentially-expressed transcripts revealed four heat-induced genes involved in lactation. Moreover, 29 upregulated and 21 downregulated circRNA candidates were found in response to HS. Forty-two positively correlated circRNA-mRNA expression patterns were constructed between the four lactogenic genes and differentially expressed circRNAs. Five circRNA-miRNA-mRNA post-transcriptional networks were identified involving genes in the HS response of lactating sows. In this study we establish a valuable resource for circRNA biology in sow lactation. Analysis of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network further uncovered a novel layer of post-transcriptional regulation that could be used to improve sow milk production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Emerging Roles of Heat-Induced circRNAs Related to Lactogenesis in Lactating Sows

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Genet.

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“…These temperatures were within the range generally expected to induce HS in gestating and lactating sows since the average rectal temperature of sows in this study were 38.9 and 39.4 °C in gestation and lactation periods, respectively. The rectal temperature of sows in the present study was higher than the temperature reported in the meta-analysis by Lucy and Safranski (2017), in which thermoneutral (below 25 °C) and heat-stressed (25 to 35 °C) sows differed in rectal temperature by approximately 0.3 °C (38.15 and 38.47 °C for thermoneutral and heat-stressed sows, respectively) during the last two weeks of gestation. Furthermore, the lactating sows kept in high ambient temperature (above 25 °C) showed a 0.5 °C increase in rectal temperature, from 38.7 °C in comfort zone to 39.2 °C during HS (Ribeiro et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…Furthermore, the lactating sows kept in high ambient temperature (above 25 °C) showed a 0.5 °C increase in rectal temperature, from 38.7 °C in comfort zone to 39.2 °C during HS (Ribeiro et al, 2018). Several studies have shown that rectal temperature can be considered as an indicator of the thermoregulation process (Renaudeau and Noblet, 2001;Williams et al, 2013;Lucy and Safranski, 2017). Ribeiro et al (2018) reviewed 20 recent studies and reported that the thermal comfort zone for lactating sows (ranging from 15 to 25 °C) decreased voluntary feed intake and milk output significantly for each Celsius degree increase in ambient temperature above the thermal comfort temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional feeding during late gestation improves initial litter weight of lactating sows exposed to high ambient temperature

Choi¹,

Hosseindoust

Kim

et al. 2019

R. Bras. Zootec.

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The present study investigated the impacts of additional feeding (AF; containing 16% excess feed than control diet in the last two weeks of gestation) during late gestation period and different backfat thickness (BFT) including low (<20 mm) and high (≥20 mm) backfat on reproductive performance, litter size, blood metabolites, hormonal profiles, colostrum, and milk composition of sows from day 90 of gestation to farrowing, and from farrowing to weaning during summer (average 28.3 °C). Fiftyfour crossbred sows (Yorkshire × Landrace) were allotted to one of four treatments according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement. There was no AF×BFT interaction for any of the measured variables. The body weight change of sows was decreased for <20 mm in BFT and AF treatments during late gestation and farrowing to weaning periods. The BFT change of sows was higher in AF during late gestation and higher in ≥20 mm BFT during late gestation and farrowing to weaning periods. There were no effects of AF and BFT on the average daily feed intake and weaning-to-oestrus interval; however, sows in AF groups had a greater litter uniformity at birth and initial litter weight. Hormone profiles, colostrum, and milk composition of sows were not different among the treatments. Additional feeding during the last two weeks of gestation increases initial litter size in summer; however, final litter weight is not affected.

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“…These adaptive mechanisms include behavioral and metabolic adaptations. Pigs in heat stress will ingest copious amounts of water, increase recreational water use and reduce FI and activity (Kellner et al, 2016;Lucy and Safranski, 2017). At the cellular level, heat stress results in increased expression of chaperone proteins such as HSP70 that help prevent protein misfolding and in the renaturation of misfolded proteins (Brown, 1990;Clerico et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue-specific responses reveal an important role of lipogenesis during heat stress adaptation in pigs1

Qu¹,

Ajuwon

2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Elevated ambient temperature causes heat stress in pigs, resulting in reduced animal performance. To better understand tissue responses to heat stress in pigs, we conducted a study in which pigs were subjected to four treatments: acute (24 h) heat stress (AHS) at 35 °C ± 1 ambient temperature, chronic (7 d) heat stress at 35 °C ± 1 (HS) or normal ambient temperature (20 °C± 1) for 7 d with ad-libitum feeding (Con) or with pair-feeding to the feed intake (FI) of the HS pigs (PF). Heat stress decreased FI by approximately 36% and 64% in HS and AHS treatments respectively, compared with Con (P < 0.01). Concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) was elevated in AHS compared to HS (P = 0.031). Serum insulin concentration was lower in PF than Con (P = 0.045). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was elevated in HS compared with Con and PF (P = 0.008), but lower (P < 0.021) in AHS compared to HS. In the subcutaneous adipose tissue, the mRNA and protein abundance of PCK1 were higher (P < 0.05) in the HS treatment than Con and PF, and also higher (P < 0.05) in HS than AHS. However, there was no difference in GK mRNA between Con, PF, and HS, although its expression was lower (P = 0.003) in AHS vs. HS. Protein abundance of the ER stress marker, CCAT/enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP), was higher in PF than Con (P < 0.05), and higher (P = 0.033) in HS than AHS in subcutaneous fat. In mesenteric fat, PCK1 mRNA was higher (P < 0.001) in the HS than Con and PF treatments. Additionally, expression of PCK1 was lower (P = 0.039) in AHS vs. HS. Expression of PCK1 was downregulated (P < 0.05) in the liver of PF pigs compared to other treatments, but most other genes measured were not affected by treatment in the liver and muscle tissues. These results confirm that heat stress induces a robust adipose tissue response in favor of increased lipid storage. This indicates that adipose tissue might play an important role in heat stress adaptation.

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Heat stress in pregnant sows: Thermal responses and subsequent performance of sows and their offspring

Cited by 74 publications

References 50 publications

Emerging Roles of Heat-Induced circRNAs Related to Lactogenesis in Lactating Sows

Emerging Roles of Heat-Induced circRNAs Related to Lactogenesis in Lactating Sows

Additional feeding during late gestation improves initial litter weight of lactating sows exposed to high ambient temperature

Adipose tissue-specific responses reveal an important role of lipogenesis during heat stress adaptation in pigs1

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