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The First Globalized Economy: Privateers, Joint-Stock Companies, Commerce and the Rise of the United Provinces

“…This Athenian "turn to the sea" strategy led also to a major transformation of the Athenian economy, by making it more extrovert and in some cases, using many institutional mechanisms that could be characterised "modern". See, on this issue, Kyriazis and Zouboulakis (2004). The same happened with England after 1588 when the Englishmen defeated the famous Spanish Armada.…”

Financing the Athenian state: public choice in the age of Demosthenes

“…It represented a balance between altruism and self-interest because the voters sacrificed personal consumption in exchange for the public good of defense that they hoped would guarantee for them their way of life, values, religion, etc. It also embodied self-interest because Themistocles promised to the poorer citizens, who would become the oarsmen of the ships, full citizens' rights (they would be able to elect, but not be elected) and remuneration for rowing (Kyriazis-Zouboulakis 2004).…”

“…For institutional development, seeKyriazis and Zouboulakis (2004),Ober (1989),Ober and Manville (2003),Kagan (1991) 3. Aristotle in the 'Politics' (Arist.Pol.…”

“…For an analysis of the economic effects of the shipbuilding programme and the transformation of Athenian society it brought with it, seeKyriazis-Zouboulakis (2004).…”

Collective Action Problems and Direct Democracy: An Analysis of Georgia’s 2010 Trauma Care Funding Amendment

“…Indeed, regarding the use of direct democracy to benefit special interests, Matsusaka (2005, p. 200) concludes "the evidence generally shows that direct democracy serves the many and not the few." 2 An interesting historical example of direct democracy and free riding comes from ancient Athens, where Kyriazis and Zouboulakis (2004) argue that the trierarchy system was a way to overcome the free rider problem by taxing individuals roughly in proportion to their benefit from national defense. 3 This paper contributes to the literature on referendums by highlighting a situation where rent-seeking and free-riding behavior seem to have influenced a ballot measure's outcome.…”