3D bioprinting using stem cells

Abstract

Recent advances have allowed for three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies to be applied to biocompatible materials, cells and supporting components, creating a field of 3D bioprinting that holds great promise for artificial organ printing and regenerative medicine. At the same time, stem cells, such as human induced pluripotent stem cells, have driven a paradigm shift in tissue regeneration and the modeling of human disease, and represent an unlimited cell source for tissue regeneration and the study of human disease. The ability to reprogram patient-specific cells holds the promise of an enhanced understanding of disease mechanisms and phenotypic variability. 3D bioprinting has been successfully performed using multiple stem cell types of different lineages and potency. The type of 3D bioprinting employed ranged from microextrusion bioprinting, inkjet bioprinting, laser-assisted bioprinting, to newer technologies such as scaffold-free spheroid-based bioprinting. This review discusses the current advances, applications, limitations and future of 3D bioprinting using stem cells, by organ systems.

Tissue Engineering in Liver Regenerative Medicine: Insights into Novel Translational Technologies

“…A practical biomaterial for 3D bio-printing is usually a biocompatible substance, which should be easily manipulated and it could maintain or even enhance cell viability and functions [70]. Different types of 3D bio-printing technologies have been introduced so far, including ink-jet-based bio-printing [71], laser-assisted bio-printing [72], extrusion-based bio-printing [73], stereo-lithography-based bio-printing [74] and microvalve-based bio-printing [75] and many other novel emerging technologies [76] (Table 2). Among these technologies, probably extrusion-based bio-printing has been the most widely used one to construct living 3D tissues and organs [77].…”

Extracellular Matrix Composition and Remodeling: Current Perspectives on Secondary Palate Formation, Cleft Lip/Palate, and Palatal Reconstruction

“…Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture represents a promising approach to better elucidate cell behavior, ECM remodeling, tissue remodeling, and tissue fusion, and ultimately to investigate clinical applications for tissue engineering (Ong et al, 2017). 3D constructs are more similar to the tissue microenvironment than classical 2D cell cultures (plastic-based) as they demonstrate more realistic cell morphology and physiology; furthermore, observation of 3D cultures over time is considered to represent 4D systems (Bissell, 2017).…”

Beyond 2D: 3D bioprinting for skin regeneration

“…7,23 Although the inkjet bioprinter has the advantages of low cost, achievable speed, and high cell viability as well as high resolution, the bioink used in this bioprinter must be liquid and less viscous. 14,24,25 There are also some other obstacles, such as the difficulty of cross-linking and a limited range of viscosities of bioink. 2 The laser-assisted bioprinter is based on laser-induced forward transfer.…”