3D Digital Documentation of a Cultural Heritage Site Using Terrestrial Laser Scanner—A Case Study

Kushwaha, S. K. P.; Dayal, Karun; Sachchidanand,; Raghavendra, S.; Pande, Hina; Tiwari, Poonam S.; Agrawal, Shefali; Srivastava, Sunita

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7067-0_3

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The way in which we understand our historic centers today is subject to constant changes derived from the tools [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] we use to interpret them, especially digital tools and data acquisition and processing procedures. These new digital tools are expanding our capacities to study the city and increasing our research scope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol Development for Point Clouds, Triangulated Meshes and Parametric Model Acquisition and Integration in an HBIM Workflow for Change Control and Management in a UNESCO’s World Heritage Site

Plata

Franco

Franco³

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This article illustrates a data acquisition methodological process based on Structure from Motion (SfM) processing confronted with terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and integrated into a Historic Building Information Model (HBIM) for architectural Heritage’s management. This process was developed for the documentation of Cáceres’ Almohad wall bordering areas, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The case study’s aim was the analysis, management and control of a large urban area where the urban growth had absorbed the wall, making it physically inaccessible. The methodology applied was the combination of: clouds and meshes obtained by SfM; with images acquired from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Single Lens Reflex (SLR) and terrestrial photogrammetry; and finally, with clouds obtained by TLS. The outcome was a smart-high-quality three-dimensional study model of the inaccessible urban area. The final result was two-fold. On one side, there was a methodological result, a low cost and accurate smart work procedure to obtain a three-dimensional parametric HBIM model that integrates models obtained by remote sensing. On the other side, a patrimonial result involved the discovery of a XII century wall’s section, that had supposedly been lost, that was hidden among the residential buildings. The article covers the survey campaign carried out by the research team and the techniques applied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol Development for Point Clouds, Triangulated Meshes and Parametric Model Acquisition and Integration in an HBIM Workflow for Change Control and Management in a UNESCO’s World Heritage Site

Plata

Franco

Franco³

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…The 3D CRP model can be computed from the overlapping images, without the necessity of prerequisite information on camera location and orientation, camera calibration, and/or surveyed reference points, allowing for the use of inexpensive imaging platforms [14]. A few other techniques, such as the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) [15,16] and fluorescence Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) [17], are very useful for analysing the shallow parts of stone building materials, allowing for the inspection of large surfaces without any contact or damage to them. Other non-invasive geophysical techniques, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) [18] and Infrared Thermography (IRT) [19,20], are useful for probing just below the surface materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decay Detection in an Ancient Column with Combined Close-Range Photogrammetry (CRP) and Ultrasonic Tomography

et al. 2021

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This study presents the integrated application of a few non-destructive techniques, i.e., Close Range Photogrammetry (CRP), and low frequency (24 kHz) ultrasonic tomography complemented by petrographical analysis. The aim here is to assess the conservation state of a Carrara marble column in the Basilica of San Saturnino, which is part of a V-VI century Palaeo Christian complex in the city of Cagliari (Italy). The high resolution 3D modelling of the studied artifact was computed starting from the integration of proximal sensing techniques, such as CRP based on the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique, which provided information on the geometrical anomalies and reflectivity of the investigated marble column surface. The inner parts of the studied body were inspected successfully in a non-invasive way by computing the velocity pattern of the ultrasonic signal through the investigated materials, using 3D ultrasonic tomography. The latter was optimally designed based on the 3D CRP analysis and the locations of the source and receiver points were detected as accurately as possible. The integrated application of in situ CRP and ultrasonic techniques provided a full 3D high resolution model of the investigated artifact, which made it possible to evaluate the material characteristics and its degradation state, affecting mainly the shallower parts of the column. The 3D visualisation improves the efficiency, accuracy, and completeness of the interpretative process of data of a different nature in quite easily understood displays, as well as the communication between different technicians.

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“…Massive data acquisition techniques based on photogrammetry or on the use of LiDAR, Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), changed the way to approach heritage documentation projects, architectural surveys for the elaboration of intervention and conservation projects or structural evaluation studies based on geometric variations [19][20][21][22][23]. When addressing a project it is important to consider which of the existing techniques is the most appropriate [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [28], different cases of studies are detailed in which there is a need to document with a high level of detail heritage entities for conservation or intervention, but the level of detail is not quantified, only the nature of the elements and the final objective. In [22], the working process developed for a specific case study is qualitatively documented, whose objective is to obtain orthoimages from colored point clouds and 2D CAD planimetry, and where close-range photogrammetry and TLS are used for its documentation. Other authors base the definition of the level of detail of the necessary documentation based on the concept of Level of Development (LOD) extracted from Building Information Modelling (BIM) working methodology [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tower of Belém (Lisbon)–Status Quo 3D Documentation and Material Origin Determination

Redweik

Blasco

Sánchez-Fernández

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The Tower of Belém, an early 16th century defense tower located at the mouth of the Tagus river, is the iconic symbol of Lisbon. It belongs to the Belém complex, classified since 1983 as a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO, and it is the second most visited monument in Portugal. On November 1st, 1755, there was a heavy earthquake in Lisbon followed by a tsunami, causing between 60,000 and 100,000 deaths. There is a possibility of a repetition of such a catastrophe, which could bring about the collapse of the structure. This was the reasoning behind the decision to evaluate the Tower of Belém by means of surveys using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and photogrammetry. Until now, there was no high-resolution 3D model of the interior and exterior of the tower. A complete 3D documentation of the state of the Tower was achieved with a cloud of more than 6,200 million 3D points in the ETRS89 PT-TM06 coordinate system. Additionally, measurements were made using a hyperspectral camera and a spectroradiometer to characterize the stone material used in the Tower. The result is a digital 3D representation of the Tower of Belém, and the identification of the quarries that may have been used to extract its stone. The work carried out combines geometrical and material analysis. The methods used may constitute a guide when documenting and intervening in similar heritage elements. Finally, the information contained therein will allow an eventual reconstruction of the Tower in the case of another catastrophe.

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3D Digital Documentation of a Cultural Heritage Site Using Terrestrial Laser Scanner—A Case Study

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

Protocol Development for Point Clouds, Triangulated Meshes and Parametric Model Acquisition and Integration in an HBIM Workflow for Change Control and Management in a UNESCO’s World Heritage Site

Protocol Development for Point Clouds, Triangulated Meshes and Parametric Model Acquisition and Integration in an HBIM Workflow for Change Control and Management in a UNESCO’s World Heritage Site

Decay Detection in an Ancient Column with Combined Close-Range Photogrammetry (CRP) and Ultrasonic Tomography

Tower of Belém (Lisbon)–Status Quo 3D Documentation and Material Origin Determination

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