3D Foot Shape and Shoe Heel Height.

Kouchi, Makiko; Tsutsumi, Emiko

doi:10.1537/ase.108.331

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The midfoot was then subdivided into 10 equidistant parts (along the X axis; Figure 4a). Foot rotation was determined from the direction of the major principal axis, L 1 (Daffertshofer et al, 2004), of each midfoot cross section (angle θ, Figure 4b), as proposed by Kouchi and Tsutsumi (2000). Angle θ was defined as the angle between the major principal axis of each 2-D midfoot cross section and the XY plane or the floor (Figure 4b) The mean angle, θ, of all cross sections within a part was used to represent the direction of the major principal axis.…”

Section: Determination Of Foot Dimensions and Foot Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot deformations under different load-bearing conditions and their relationships to stature and body weight

Xiong

Goonetilleke

Zhao

et al. 2009

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Footwear comfort is primarily determined by the fit between the foot and the shoe. Foot deformations that cannot be accommodated by the flexibility of the material of the shoe upper have to be dealt with by other adaptive means. The major purpose of this study was to determine foot deformations using nine foot dimensions-foot length, arch length, foot width, midfoot width, heel width, midfoot height, medial malleolus height of the most protruding point, lateral malleolus height of the most protruding point and ball girth-as well as the eversion/inversion of the foot while bearing weight. Each foot of 30 Hong Kong Chinese adults (15 males and 15 females) was laser scanned under the conditions of no body-weight (NWB), half body-weight (HWB) and full body-weight (FWB). The nine dimensions and foot rotation were determined with a computer program. The results show that the foot became significantly longer, wider, and reduced in height while everting with increased loading on the foot. The midfoot had relatively large changes in width and height when compared to the forefoot and rearfoot. Even though there were no obvious patterns between the left and right foot for both males and females, considerable differences did exist between the two feet of a few participants. Foot length as a percentage of stature changed from 14.94% to 15.10% to 15.13% in males as the load on the foot increased from NWB to HWB to FWB, respectively. These percentages were 14.56%, 14.72%, and 14.77% for females. Even though foot width was significantly correlated with the body weight of males, no such relationship exists in Hong Kong females.

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Section: Determination Of Foot Dimensions and Foot Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot deformations under different load-bearing conditions and their relationships to stature and body weight

Xiong

Goonetilleke

Zhao

et al. 2009

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“…High-heeled shoes cause foot shape and load distribution change [5], which may lead to lower back pain, plantar foot pain, discomfort, muscle fatigue, and even foot deformities such as hammer digits and hallux valgus [3,6]. Walking on high-heeled shoes also alters the walking style, as described as "high heel gait" [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical evaluation of heel elevation on load transfer — experimental measurement and finite element analysis

Luximon

et al. 2012

Acta Mech Sin

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In spite of ill-effects of high heel shoes, they are widely used for women. Hence, it is essential to understand the load transfer biomechanics in order to design better fit and comfortable shoes. In this study, both experimental measurement and finite element analysis were used to evaluate the biomechanical effects of heel height on foot load transfer. A controlled experiment was conducted using custom-designed platforms. Under different weight-bearing conditions, peak plantar pressure, contact area and center of pressure were analyzed. A three-dimensional finite element foot model was used to simulate the high-heel support and to predict the internal stress distributions and deformations for different heel heights. Results from both experiment and model indicated that heel elevations had significant effects on all variables. When heel elevation increased, the center of pressure shifted from the midfoot region to the forefoot region, the contact area was reduced by 26% from 0 to 10.2 cm heel and the internal stress of foot bones increased. Prediction results also showed that the strain and total tension force of plantar fascia was minimum at 5.1 cm heel condition. This study helps to better understand the biomechanical behavior of foot, and to provide better suggestions for design parameters of high heeled shoes.

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“…Influence of this mechanics was shown in the following aspects: (1) as the heel height increased, the angle of plantar flexion decreased and the ankle rotation was limited [13]; (2) the action of break when wearing high heel-heighted shoes was supported by the ankle rotation and the muscle group of tibialis posterior [14,15], hence more time and more vector force would be consumed and generated in the whole process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Influenþa acestui mecanism este relevatã prin urmãtoarele aspecte: (1) pe mãsurã ce a crescut înãlþimea tocului, unghiul de flexie plantarã a scãzut, iar rotaþia gleznei a fost limitatã [13]; (2) apãsarea pedalei de frânã purtând pantofi cu toc înalt a fost susþinutã de rotaþia gleznei ºi de muºchiul tibial posterior [14,15], prin urmare, se consumã ºi se genereazã mai mult timp ºi mai multã forþã în întregul proces.…”

Section: Discuþiiunclassified

Safety Assessment of Shoes Fit for Driving

Feng¹,

Li²,

Wu³

et al. 2015

LFJ

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ABSTRACT. This study was aimed to explore a suitable heel height of shoes for driving. Fourteen healthy female students were recruited and five pairs of footwear with varied heel heights were randomly arranged to each participant; their insole plantar pressure and ankle motion in plantar and dorsal direction whilst stepping on the power and break pedal were recorded in a Suzuki 1.3L AT car, where the driving position was on the left side. One-mask model was used and peak pressure 2 (PP) (Kpa), contact area (CA) (cm ) and pressure time integral (PTI) (s·Kpa) under forefoot area were calculated. Our results show that in terms of ankle motion, it increased with the relative heel height; in terms of insole pressure, only the CA was sensitive to the augment of relative heel height. Based on the significant differences, 30 mm heel height was a criterion; when the heel height exceeded 30 mm, the ankle motion range and CA were significantly increased. Overall, the safe heel-height of driving shoe should not exceed 30 mm. KEY WORDS: driving; safety; insole pressure; ankle motion; high-heeled footwear EVALUAREA SIGURANTEI ÎNCALTAMINTEI POTRIVITE PENTRU SOFAT REZUMAT. Acest studiu a avut ca scop gasirea unor pantofi cu toc de înaltime adecvata pentru sofat. S-au recrutat paisprezece studente sanatoase si li s-au distribuit aleatoriu cinci perechi de încaltaminte cu înaltimi de toc variate; s-au înregistrat presiunea plantara la nivelul brantului si amplitudinea articulara în directie plantara si dorsala în timpul apasarii pe pedalele de acceleratie si de frâna într-o masina Suzuki model 1.3L AT, cu locul soferului pe partea stânga. S-a utilizat modelul cu o 2 singura zona de analiza si s-au calculat presiunea maxima (PP) (Kpa), zona de contact (CA) (cm ) si integrala presiune-timp (PTI) (s·Kpa) în zona antepiciorului. Rezultatele noastre arata ca, în ceea ce priveste amplitudinea miscarii gleznei, aceasta a crescut odata cu înaltimea relativa a tocului; în ceea ce priveste presiunea la nivelul brantului, doar CA a fost sensibila la cresterea înaltimii relative a tocului. Pe baza diferentelor semnificative, a reiesit ca tocul cu înaltime de 30 mm a fost cel adecvat; când înaltimea tocului a depasit 30 mm, amplitudinea articulara si CA au crescut semnificativ. În general, pentru siguranta, înaltimea tocului încaltamintei potrivite pentru sofat nu trebuie sa depaseasca 30 mm. CUVINTE CHEIE: sofat; siguranta; presiune la nivelul brantului; amplitudine articulara; încaltaminte cu toc înalt ÉVALUATION DE LA SÉCURITÉ DES CHAUSSURES ADAPTÉES À LA CONDUITE RÉSUMÉ. Cette étude visait à explorer une hauteur de talon de chaussures appropriée pour la conduite. Quatorze étudiants femmes en bonne santé ont été recrutées et cinq paires de chaussures avec des hauteurs de talons variées ont été disposées au hasard à chacun des participants; on a enregistré leur pression plantaire dans la région de la semelle et le mouvement de la cheville dans les directions plantaire et dorsale en appuyant sur l'accélérateur et le frein dans une voiture Su...

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3D Foot Shape and Shoe Heel Height.

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Foot deformations under different load-bearing conditions and their relationships to stature and body weight

Foot deformations under different load-bearing conditions and their relationships to stature and body weight

Biomechanical evaluation of heel elevation on load transfer — experimental measurement and finite element analysis

Safety Assessment of Shoes Fit for Driving

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