“…The procedure of preparing TiC–CrMo steel composite by 3D gel-printing is shown in Figure 2. As schematically depicted in Figure 2, the 3DGP procedure is composed of four steps: slurry preparation, design of 3D model and data processing, printing process, drying and sintering [36]. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of 3D gel-printing procedure.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, a variety of materials can be manufactured without high-quality powders; second, because there is no need for high energy beam and powder spreading device, printing equipment is much cheaper; what's more, the printing process is carried out at room temperature [32]. At present, multifarious materials have been fabricated by 3D gel-printing, such as ZrO 2 ceramic [33], Tantalum parts [34], WC-Co cemented carbide [35], TiChigh manganese steel cermet [36] and TiC-reinforced 316L stainless steel [37], especially biomaterials such as porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds [38] and porous calcium silicate composite bone scaffolds [39].…”
TiC-reinforced CrMo steel was successfully fabricated by 3D gel-printing in this study. The rheological behaviour and polymerisation of slurries with different TiC content were researched. The appropriate parameters of 3D gel-printing process were found. The microstructure and phase identification of sintered samples were characterised by using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The relative density, bending strength and hardness of sintered bulk samples were separately measured. The results indicate that the relative density, bending strength and hardness value reach 99.8%, 2039 MPa and 51.3 HRC when TiC content is 30 wt.% in the sintered bulk samples. After oil quenching, the bending strength reaches an astonishing value 2386 MPa, and hardness is 56.1 HRC. Compared with conventional powder metallurgy methods, the mechanical properties of TiC-CrMo steel composite prepared by 3DGP are similar or even better.
“…The procedure of preparing TiC–CrMo steel composite by 3D gel-printing is shown in Figure 2. As schematically depicted in Figure 2, the 3DGP procedure is composed of four steps: slurry preparation, design of 3D model and data processing, printing process, drying and sintering [36]. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of 3D gel-printing procedure.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, a variety of materials can be manufactured without high-quality powders; second, because there is no need for high energy beam and powder spreading device, printing equipment is much cheaper; what's more, the printing process is carried out at room temperature [32]. At present, multifarious materials have been fabricated by 3D gel-printing, such as ZrO 2 ceramic [33], Tantalum parts [34], WC-Co cemented carbide [35], TiChigh manganese steel cermet [36] and TiC-reinforced 316L stainless steel [37], especially biomaterials such as porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds [38] and porous calcium silicate composite bone scaffolds [39].…”
TiC-reinforced CrMo steel was successfully fabricated by 3D gel-printing in this study. The rheological behaviour and polymerisation of slurries with different TiC content were researched. The appropriate parameters of 3D gel-printing process were found. The microstructure and phase identification of sintered samples were characterised by using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The relative density, bending strength and hardness of sintered bulk samples were separately measured. The results indicate that the relative density, bending strength and hardness value reach 99.8%, 2039 MPa and 51.3 HRC when TiC content is 30 wt.% in the sintered bulk samples. After oil quenching, the bending strength reaches an astonishing value 2386 MPa, and hardness is 56.1 HRC. Compared with conventional powder metallurgy methods, the mechanical properties of TiC-CrMo steel composite prepared by 3DGP are similar or even better.
“…Both simulation and experimental data showed that the optimized FGSs could significantly improve the structural stiffness of a quadcopter's arm. Similarly, many tools like cutting picks [ 149 ] and wrenches [ 47 ] have been fabricated with FGSs, improving and optimizing their mechanical behavior, demonstrating the feasibility of gradient cellular structures for lightweighting without sacrificing load‐bearing capabilities. Graded gyroid cellular structures (GCS, a kind of functionally graded cellular structure) with the gradient parallel to the loading direction exhibited layer by‐layer deformation and failure behavior.…”
Section: Multifunctional Properties and Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 150 ] A 3D gel‐printed TiC‐high manganese steel cermet showed gradient distributions in density, hardness, transverse failure strength, abrasion wear resistance and impact toughness due to its graded structure. [ 149 ]…”
Section: Multifunctional Properties and Applicationsmentioning
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) and functionally graded structures (FGSs) are special types of advanced composites with peculiar features and advantages. This article reviews the design criteria of functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM), which is capable of fabricating gradient components with versatile functional properties. Conventional geometrical‐based design concepts have limited potential for FGAM and multi‐scale design concepts (from geometrical patterning to microstructural design) are needed to develop gradient components with specific graded properties at different locations. FGMs and FGSs are of great interest to a larger range of industrial sectors and applications including aerospace, automotive, biomedical implants, optoelectronic devices, energy absorbing structures, geological models, and heat exchangers. This review presents an overview of various fabrication ideas and suggestions for future research in terms of design and creation of FGMs and FGSs, benefiting a wide variety of scientific fields.
“…Unlike the high‐energy beam melting technique, direct ink writing (DIW) technology can print directly at room temperature at low cost. [ 20 ] In recent years, DIW is mainly used to print ceramic materials. [ 21 ] Generally speaking, the forming process is separated from the densification step for DIW, where the extruded slurry can form directly as the designed shape, and then the printed parts should be sintered to densify in the final step.…”
Although 3D printing of titanium alloys is often obtained by laser fusion deposition, its cost is relatively high. In this study, one light‐curing‐assisted technique is designed to print porous Ti6Al4V alloys via direct ink writing (DIW). For printing, titanium alloy slurry with 45 vol% solid content is prepared based on 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate monomer‐trimethylolpropane triacrylate monomer (HDDA‐TMPTA) photosensitive system. In such a case, the extruded filament was in situ cured under the action of UV light irradiation in the printing process. The printed lattice sample has good surface performance without the observation of a collapse. After sintering, the shrinkage percentage is around 16% in the horizontal direction and 19% in the vertical direction. Surface morphology does not change significantly. Through comparative tests, it is found that the sintered samples have good microstructure and mechanical properties. When the filling rate is 50%, the compressive strength could reach 604.7 MPa and the flexural strength is 106.8 MPa. The feasibility of this new printing method to prepare titanium alloy parts are confirmed.
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