3D Highly Conductive Silver Nanowire@PEDOT:PSS Composite Sponges for Flexible Conductors and Their All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract

of both electrolyte penetration and electron transportation for next-generation power devices. Currently, the most commonly used 3D porous metal foam in electrodes is nickel as a current collector, which has a high conductivity (≈350 S cm −1 ). [4] However, this metal foam is not appropriate for flexible supercapacitors and electronics because they cannot return to their initial shape after even slight strains such as uniaxial compression, bending, and twisting. To resolve the challenges of flexibility, the unique functionalization of commercial sponges (e.g., polyurethane or melamine sponges) with 3D open-cell structure analogue metal foams as a template has attracted intensive research interest for solving energy and environmental issues because of the low cost, ease of fabrication, 3D porous structures, light weight, and high flexibility. Thus, plastic sponges have drawn significant attention as a support and/or template to construct 3D active materials. However, these polymer foams are electrical insulators. Consequently, tremendous efforts have been devoted to synthesize 3D network conductors on commercial sponges by simply dipcoating (reduced) graphene oxides and/or carbon-nanotube dispersion and/or pyrolized carbon sponges. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] However, it is difficult to produce carbonaceous foams/sponges in a large scale because of their relatively high-cost and harsh processing conditions (high-temperature carbonization: ≈800-1000 °C)]. [15] Furthermore, because of the high resistance of carbon-based materials, for example, 0.34 S cm −1 carbonized polyurethane foam (0.34 S cm −1 ), [16] reduced graphene oxide coated on polyurethane foam (0.0009-0.0025 S cm −1 ), [17] and carbon nanotube coated on polyurethane (1 S cm −1 ), [18] these supercapacitor sponges face issues in high internal resistance. [19,20] Their performance in terms of electrical conductivity remains inferior to that of metal foams, which results in a reduced power density. Lately, the ramifications of 3D networks with high conductivity as substrate templates have been a notably fascinating topic for energy and/or sensing from both scientific and technological viewpoints. [7,8,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new class of flexible 3D open-porous substrates to develop advanced energy-related storages with enhanced energy density without sacrificing the power delivery and cycle stability to satisfy the future flexible energy-related demands. Nonetheless, Although increasing attention has been paid to wearable electronic devices in recent years, flexible supercapacitors with high performance remain not readily available because of the limitations of flexible electrode types. A highly conductive 3D macroporous sponge is fabricated by coating poly(3,4-ethyl enedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/silver nanowires (AgNWs) on a commercial sponge using a simple and low-cost "immersion method." The fabricated flexible 3D sponge conductor shows a high electrical conductiv...

Ultrathin PEDOT:PSS/rGO Aerogel Providing Tape‐Like Self‐Healable Electrode for Sensing Space Electric Field with Electrochemical Mechanism

“…In addition, the self-healing ability of pure PEDOT:PSS film is also investigated. [42] When a nanoscale PEDOT:PSS film is cut, the film will be mightily separated because of strong surface tension. However, the scratch almost disappeared after water vapor treatment, as shown in Figure S2d-f, Supporting Information.…”

Hierarchical Structure MnO2 Coated PDMS−Carbon Nanotube Sponge as Flexible Electrode for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and High Performance Supercapacitor

“…Distinctly, as shown in Figure f inset, the Nyquist plot of PCSMC in a high frequency region exhibited an ESR (equivalent series resistance) of 1.85 Ω, which was much smaller than that of 2.27 Ω for PCMSC, 3.16 Ω for PCSC and 3.21 Ω for PSC. Ulteriorly, in the high−frequency region, there were no semicircles observed for these three supercapacitors, displaying small charge transfer resistance . As can be seen from the relation curve of phase Angle and frequency, the specific frequency f 0 at 45° phase Angle was 312.5 Hz of PCSMC and 253.9 Hz of PCMSC.…”

On‐Chip Microsupercapacitors: From Material to Fabrication

“…3D foam structure materials were prepared using sponge‐like templates on a large scale via different methods. The fabricated foam shows high electric conductivity, good stability, and excellent mechanical properties especially for the flexible MSC . However, the absence of suitable techniques to assemble the foam structure into the electrode accurately seems still unsolvable.…”