3D Human Models from 1D, 2D and 3D Inputs: Reliability and Compatibility of Body Measurements

Ballester, Alfredo; Pierola, Ana; Parrilla, Eduardo; Uriel, Jordi; Ruescas, Ana V.; Perez, C. Martin; Durá, Juan Vicente; Alemany, Sandra

doi:10.15221/18.132

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Personalized mannequins could be a potential avenue to cyclists interested in a 3D printed version of themselves. Using mathematical tools such as statistical shape modeling would make such a process easy, circumventing the need for a state of the art 3D scanner [10][11] [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Articulating Cycling Mannequin for Wind Tunnel Testing

Garimella¹,

Moens²,

Vleugels³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2020 - 11th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies,

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Gaining aerodynamic advantage is crucial in cycling, wherein drag force can account for 90% of resistance to a cyclist. The interaction of wind with the moving human and cycling equipment also contributes to drag. Testing equipment for aerodynamic properties in a wind tunnel is of interest to manufacturers in the sports industry. However, a protocol that needs to depend on the ability of a human to accurately recreate desired poses and movements multiple times may be cumbersome during testing. Additionally, a stationary mannequin does not accurately represent real-life cycling, where pedaling is a constant. Hence, a moving mannequin is suited for such applications. In this contribution, we demonstrate the development of a 3D printed articulating cycling mannequin. A cyclist was scanned using a structured light 3D scanner. Our goal was to develop an articulating mannequin with pedalling legs and a detachable upper-body to recreate two common cycling poses-time-trial and regular. In this contribution, we describe the full development of the mannequin in time trial pose. This approach outlines a low-cost method to developing mannequins for testing applications in sports.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Articulating Cycling Mannequin for Wind Tunnel Testing

Garimella¹,

Moens²,

Vleugels³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2020 - 11th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies,

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show abstract

“…Reconstructions with the Power Crust exhibited too much instability for precise statistical analysis to be conducted, the reconstructed mesh had holes and t-edges that made the automated measure extraction impossible. In table 2A and 2B, we present the SEM and MAD for each 3D surface reconstruction method, from other Data-Driven 3D reconstruction methods (IBV:3D3D and IBV:2D3D) [38], and from the literature on TA methods [4], [39]- [48]. Figure 3 shows a baseline scan, one of the raw scans generated from it and the reconstruction from ShapeShift 3D Repair TM .…”

Section: Data Processing Using 3d Surface Reconstruction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When compared to IBV:3D3D reconstruction (which necessitate, low-mobility, costly full body scanners), it is clear tha a handheld device that is poorly operated, but that scan exclusively the region of interest, which uses Shapeshift 3D Repair TM as reconstruction method can produce equally accurate or more accurate results than an expensive apparatus with a data-driven 3D reconstruction. When compared to another low-cost solution such as the IBV:2D3D method, which uses two photos with Age, Height and Weight, a poorly operated handheld 3D scan with Shapeshift 3D Repair TM have at least half of the error of the 2D3D method while not requiring any extra measurements [38].…”

Section: Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Shapeshift 3D Repair - A Fully Automated and Unsupervised Cloud API for the Reliable Reconstruction of Raw 3D Surface Scans Data

Laurin¹,

Béland²,

Borduas³

2019

Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2019 - 10th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies,

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This paper presents a study to quantify the reliability of the automatic reconstruction tool Shapeshift 3D Repair TM to create watertight, genus 0, precise and accurate 3D surface scan of the human body. Our methodology uses a precise baseline 3D scan acquired from a full body 3D scanner as an input of a scanning process simulator that emulates the properties of a common 3D scanner, the Structure TM by Occipital TM , and the behavior of a typical untrained handheld 3D scanner operator. The output of the simulator is a raw scan (noisy and incomplete). Afterward, the raw scan is fed to Shapeshift 3D Repair TM which outputs a reconstructed scan. We express the reliability of the process in terms of Standard Error of Measurement (SEM). Using the girth difference between the baseline scan and the reconstructed scan, we express the compatibility in terms of Signed Mean Difference (Bias) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). We compare our results with common reconstruction methods found in the literature and with other studies about the reliability of 3D Scanning, Plaster Casting and Traditional Anthropometry. Context: To create custom medical devices and wearables, the patient's 3D geometry can be acquired using a 3D scanner. The raw 3D scans require post-processing as they are often noisy and incomplete. While organizations using 3D scanners put in place training programs, scans are often of poor quality. To this day, this issue is a hindrance to business models centered on 3D scanning such as the novel 3Dscan-to-3Dprint business model; inadequate scans must be manually corrected by the operators, which is a time-consuming offline process. The study is focused on the simulation of the scanning process and the scan reconstruction of the knee. Results: A fully automated and unsupervised cloud processing service for the reconstruction of the knee has been implemented and is ready to be tested by users and vendors of 3D scanners. Reconstructed scans exhibit leg, knee and max thigh girth error under 0.1 cm, 0.3 cm and 0.4 cm respectively with 95% confidence level while producing properly defined surface that are manifold, genus 0, have good triangle aspect ratio, and have a single surface. With the recent boom of devices featuring an embedded 3D scanner, we believe that in due time, our technology can be accessible to millions of users without the needs of industry-specific hardware or skills.

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“…As 3D scan of a body is just a digital imprint of the surface it is quite a challenge to determine these anthropometric points on it [2]. However several scientific groups show competitive to traditional measurements results [3,4]. In this research we compared traditional measurements and measurements derived by Texel Portal MX scanner in terms of reliability and validity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Comparison of Manual vs. 3D Scanner Human Body Measurements

Koval¹

2020

Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2020 - 11th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies,

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Human body measurements are actively used in the clothing industry for production or finding the best possible garment fit. For the last few years digital methods based on 3D scans are replacing the traditional manual measurement techniques. In this paper we determine the quality of measurements obtained with a 3D scanner in terms of reliability and validity. Tape measurements from two expert measurers were used as a reference. Reliability comparison was evaluated in terms of Standard Error of Measurement and difference from the mean distribution. Validity was analyzed according to ISO 20685. Data used for the analysis were gathered during Phase 2 of "Comparative Analysis of measurement methods of 3D body scanning" organized by IEEE Industry Connections 3D Body Processing group hosted in Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia (IBV). For all 3D scanner measurements 90% of differences from the mean are inside the ANSUR (Anthropometric Survey of US Army Personnel) allowable error interval. It was also shown that reliability of measurements obtained with Texel Portal MX 3D scanner is nearly twice better than reliability of manual measurements. Upon application of constant offsets these two measurement techniques are compatible according to ISO 20685.

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3D Human Models from 1D, 2D and 3D Inputs: Reliability and Compatibility of Body Measurements

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Development of an Articulating Cycling Mannequin for Wind Tunnel Testing

Development of an Articulating Cycling Mannequin for Wind Tunnel Testing

Shapeshift 3D Repair - A Fully Automated and Unsupervised Cloud API for the Reliable Reconstruction of Raw 3D Surface Scans Data

Quantitative Comparison of Manual vs. 3D Scanner Human Body Measurements

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