3D measurement of temperature and metal vapor concentration in MIG arc plasma using a multidirectional spectroscopic method

Nomura, Kazufumi; Yoshii, Kiwamu; Toda, Kaname; Mimura, Koji; Hirata, Yoshihiro; Asai, Satoru

doi:10.1088/1361-6463/aa8793

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The arc plasma rotated together with the helically rotating metal liquid column. In the work of Nomura et al, the arc temperature of spray transfer (not rotating-spray transfer) GMAW using the pulsed current with a peak current of 440 A was measured with the spectroscopic method and the maximal arc temperature, which appeared during the peak current in the argon arc region, was around 15,000 K [ 24 ]. In the case of the rotating spray transfer, the low-temperature gas in the traveling direction of the arc has to be heated continuously with the rotation to produce a new current path, which is considered to have a cooling effect on the arc, hence there is little difference between the two cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Numerical Study of External Axial Magnetic Field-Controlled High-Current GMAW Metal Transfer Behavior

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For gas metal arc welding (GMAW), increasing the welding current is the most effective way to improve welding efficiency. However, much higher current decreases the welding quality as a result of metal rotating-spray transfer phenomena in the high-current GMAW process. In this work, the external axial magnetic field (EAMF) was applied to the high-current GMAW process to control the metal transfer and decrease the welding spatters. A unified arc-droplet coupled model for high-current GMAW using EAMFs was built to investigate the metal rotating-spray transfer behavior. The temperature fields, flow fields in the arc, and droplet were revealed. Considering all the heat transferred to the molten metal, the Joule heat was found to be the dominant factor affecting the droplet temperature rise, followed by the anode heat. The conductive heat from the arc contributed less than half the value of the other two. Considering the EAMFs of different alternating frequencies, the arc constricting effects and controlled metal transfer behaviors are discussed. The calculated results agree well with the experimental high-speed camera observations.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Numerical Study of External Axial Magnetic Field-Controlled High-Current GMAW Metal Transfer Behavior

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A pressurebased solver and phase coupled SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) algorithm with second-order and high-resolution spatial discretization are applied. Nomura et al [29] measured the welding arc temperature of more than 400 A spray transfer GMAW with the spectroscopic method, and it is reported that the arc temperature in the electric arc conductive region is around 13000-15000 K. For 500 A GMAW in this work, the density, dynamic viscosity, and electrical conductivity of the gas phase are chosen as the argon plasma physical and transfer properties at the temperature of 15000 K.…”

Section: Numerical Considerations and Initial Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Numerical Study on the Metal Rotating Spray Transfer Process of High-Current GMAW

Xiao

Fan

Huang

2022

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A three-dimensional numerical model based on the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method is typically preferred for studying high-current gas metal arc welding (GMAW) metal transfer mechanism and then controlling it. It is informed that the rotating spray transfer is extremely complicated, and some researchers have focused on simplified models without considering the energy conservation to make analysis manageable for the unstable metal transfer process. Using our created numerical model, the metal transfer of high-current GMAW with shielding gas of different conductivities has been studied by analyzing acting forces and fluid flows in the metal liquid column, especially for the contributions of the self-induced electromagnetic force, equivalent volume force of the capillary pressure of the surface tension (Named surface tension force in this work), static arc pressure. It is found that the unbalanced electromagnetic force greatly promotes the metal rotating motion in 500 A metal inert gas (MIG) welding with pure argon shielding gas and it pushes the metal liquid column to rotate. Considering the arc constricting effect in active shielding gas by simply changing the arc conductivity, it is found that the metal liquid column no longer rotates, it turns to swing since the unbalanced electromagnetic force is large enough to break the rotating motion. The calculated results of the metal liquid column deflected angle and rotating/swing frequency agree well with the experiment of high-speed camera observations.

show abstract

“…7), which is not to be confused with the heat flux distribution. This assumption derives from the observation in [13] that the temperature at the metal vapor core of the arc is as cold as 6000 (K)-8000 (K) for argon shielding gas. Since it is widely understood that this lowering of the plasma temperature is due to radiation losses in the presence of metal vapor, a similar plasma temperature is assumed in vicinity of the cathode, where metal vapor is also expected to be present to a significant degree.…”

Section: Simplified Surface Heat Source Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified surface heat source distribution for GMAW process simulation based on the EDACC principle

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A simplified surface heat source for gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process simulation based on the principle of evaporation determined arc cathode coupling (EDACC) is presented. It allows for a simple implementation in any GMAW weld pool simulation and is dependent on the width of the arc, as well as the weld pool surface temperature, but it can also be applied with the temperature and iron vapor density of the plasma instead of the width of the arc, if available. While it is considered separately from the droplets, it gives the heat flux as well as the current density distribution onto the weld pool surface, which are in general not axis-symmetric. The heat source distribution is normalized and multiplied to the value of any total heat and total current and it allows to calibrate for the maximum weld pool surface temperature. For the ionization and evaporation, only iron atoms are considered, and the shielding gas is assumed as argon. The result is given in graphical form as well as in the form of easy to implement functions for a reasonable range.

show abstract

3D measurement of temperature and metal vapor concentration in MIG arc plasma using a multidirectional spectroscopic method

Abstract: 3D measurement for MIG arc plasma was developed with 12 cameras equipped with 3 types of interference filters.

Cited by 36 publications

References 28 publications

3D Numerical Study of External Axial Magnetic Field-Controlled High-Current GMAW Metal Transfer Behavior

3D Numerical Study of External Axial Magnetic Field-Controlled High-Current GMAW Metal Transfer Behavior

Three-Dimensional Numerical Study on the Metal Rotating Spray Transfer Process of High-Current GMAW

Simplified surface heat source distribution for GMAW process simulation based on the EDACC principle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About