3D microelectrode arrays, pushing the bounds of sensitivity toward a generic platform for point-of-care diagnostics

Ko, Danny Hsu; Bates, David W.; Karaosmanoğlu, Hande; Taredun, Karl; Elton, Clare; Jones, Leonie; Hosseini, Ali; Partridge, Ashton

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2023.115154

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Compared with the planar electrode with linear diffusion of the species and relatively lower redox current inversely proportional to t 1/2 , the 3D micropyramidal electrodes could enable uniform radial diffusion in combination with linear diffusion (Figure 2B), in which the radial diffusion around the pyramidal tips could lead to a thinner diffusion layer and a higher concentration gradient to promote the diffusive redox current. 39 The local current density as indicated by our simulations in Figure 2C and Figure S2 exhibited a gradual increase with the decreasing pyramidal base size. In comparison with the planar electrode, an over 4-fold higher current density without distinct decay within a few seconds was observed at the sharp tip region with the base size of <10 μm, where the radial diffusion might be dominant over the linear diffusion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Figure B shows the 2D diffusion profiles of redox probes around two micropyramids with a distance of 100 μm under the overpotential beyond the oxidation peak. Compared with the planar electrode with linear diffusion of the species and relatively lower redox current inversely proportional to t 1/2 , the 3D micropyramidal electrodes could enable uniform radial diffusion in combination with linear diffusion (Figure B), in which the radial diffusion around the pyramidal tips could lead to a thinner diffusion layer and a higher concentration gradient to promote the diffusive redox current . The local current density as indicated by our simulations in Figure C and Figure S2 exhibited a gradual increase with the decreasing pyramidal base size.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Tip-Enhanced Sub-Femtomolar Steroid Immunosensing via Micropyramidal Flexible Conducting Polymer Electrodes for At-Home Monitoring of Salivary Sex Hormones

Li,

Chen,

Zhu

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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Noninvasive testing and continuous monitoring of ultralow-concentration hormones in biofluids have attracted increasing interest for health management and personalized medicine, in which saliva could fulfill the demand. Steroid sex hormones such as progesterone (P4) and β-estradiol (E2) are crucial for female wellness and reproduction; however, their concentrations in saliva can vary down to sub-pM and constantly fluctuate over several orders of magnitude. This remains a major obstacle toward user-friendly and reliable monitoring at home with low-cost flexible biosensors. Herein we introduce a 3D micropyramidal electrode architecture to address such challenges and achieve an ultrasensitive flexible electrochemical immunosensor with sub-fM-level detection capability of salivary sex hormones within a few minutes. This is enabled by micropyramidal electrode arrays consisting of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin film as the coating layer and electrochemically decorated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to improve the antibody immobilization. The enhanced mass transport around the 3D tips provided by the micropyramidal architecture is discovered to improve the detection limit by 3 orders of magnitude, pushing it to as low as ∼100 aM for P4 and ∼20 aM for E2, along with a wide linear range up to μM. Accordingly, these hormones down to sub-fM in >1000-fold-diluted saliva samples can be accurately measured by the printed soft immunosensors, thus allowing at-home testing through simple saliva dilution to minimize the interfering substances instead of centrifugation. Finally, monitoring of the female ovarian hormone cycle of both P4 and E2 is successfully demonstrated based on the centrifuge-free saliva testing during a period of 4 weeks. This ultrasensitive and soft 3D microarchitected electrode design is believed to provide a universal platform for a diverse variety of applications spanning from accurate clinical diagnostics and counselling and in vivo detection of bioactive species to environmental and food quality tracing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Tip-Enhanced Sub-Femtomolar Steroid Immunosensing via Micropyramidal Flexible Conducting Polymer Electrodes for At-Home Monitoring of Salivary Sex Hormones

Li,

Chen,

Zhu

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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“…The distance between adjacent microelectrodes is another crucial attribute that affects the properties of microelectrode arrays. The overly close distance can lead to the diffusion spheres between adjacent electrodes, [ 168 ] requiring the distance between neighboring microelectrodes to be at least eight times the radius of the electrodes to achieve a steady‐state response. [ 169 ] Therefore, the overall dimensions of the microelectrode array chip need to be adjusted based on the size of the stimulation area, the resolution of the recording, and the sensitivity of the recording.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Neural Stimulation Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Material‐Assisted Electromagnetic Neural Stimulation

Sun,

Xiao,

Chen

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Bioelectricity plays a crucial role in organisms, being closely connected to neural activity and physiological processes. Disruptions in the nervous system can lead to chaotic ionic currents at the injured site, causing disturbances in the local cellular microenvironment, impairing biological pathways, and resulting in a loss of neural functions. Electromagnetic stimulation has the ability to generate internal currents, which can be utilized to counter tissue damage and aid in the restoration of movement in paralyzed limbs. By incorporating implanted materials, electromagnetic stimulation can be targeted more accurately, thereby significantly improving the effectiveness and safety of such interventions. Currently, there have been significant advancements in the development of numerous promising electromagnetic stimulation strategies with diverse materials. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the fundamental theories, neural stimulation modulating materials, material application strategies, and pre‐clinical therapeutic effects associated with electromagnetic stimulation for neural repair. It offers a thorough analysis of current techniques that employ materials to enhance electromagnetic stimulation, as well as potential therapeutic strategies for future applications.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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A review of innovative electrochemical strategies for bioactive molecule detection and cell imaging: Current advances and challenges

Zhang,

Jiang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Analytica Chimica Acta

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3D microelectrode arrays, pushing the bounds of sensitivity toward a generic platform for point-of-care diagnostics

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Tip-Enhanced Sub-Femtomolar Steroid Immunosensing via Micropyramidal Flexible Conducting Polymer Electrodes for At-Home Monitoring of Salivary Sex Hormones

Tip-Enhanced Sub-Femtomolar Steroid Immunosensing via Micropyramidal Flexible Conducting Polymer Electrodes for At-Home Monitoring of Salivary Sex Hormones

Advances in Material‐Assisted Electromagnetic Neural Stimulation

A review of innovative electrochemical strategies for bioactive molecule detection and cell imaging: Current advances and challenges

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