3D Microfluidic Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Chips Fabricated by All‐Femtosecond‐Laser‐Processing for Real‐Time Sensing of Toxic Substances

Bai, Shi; Serien, Daniela; Hu, Anming; Sugioka, Koji

doi:10.1002/adfm.201706262

Cited by 148 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Although there are many commercial handheld Raman systems being sold for detection of illicit drugs in the market, most of these systems cannot overcome fluorescence effectively and have relatively lower signal/noise ratios [25,[29][30][31]. SERS aids in overcoming fluorescence and increasing signal/noise ratios [10][11][12]25]. Therefore, SERS needs to be used to identify and measure heroin concentrations in complex media such as body fluids namely saliva, urine, and blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SERS is a potentially fast and cost-effective analytical method requiring very little amount of sample. There is a large number of SERS based studies dealing with identification of chemical trace evidences and certain body fluids [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. On the other hand, there are few SERS studies regarding identification of toxicological substances including morphine, cocaine and heroin directly dealing with toxicological analysis of heroin and its metabolites with SERS in different biological mediums [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy as a novel tool for rapid quantification of heroin and metabolites in saliva

Akçan¹,

Yıldırım²,

Ilhan³

et al. 2020

Turk J Med Sci

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Background: Heroin can be detected and quantified by certain analytical methods, however, forensic professionals and criminal laboratories study for cheaper and faster detection tools. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) rises as a possible alternative tool with its widening application spectra. There are few studies regarding Raman and SERS spectra of heroin and its metabolites, which are unfortunately controversial. In this study, we compared five different surfaces in order to find out more efficient Raman-active substrate for opiate detection and rapid quantification of heroin and its metabolites in saliva. Materials and methods: Morphine standard material was used to identify proper surface for SERS analysis of opiates. Heroin and its metabolites (morphine, morphine-3-ß-glucuronide and 6-monoacetyl morphine) were calibrated between 50 ppb and 500 ppm and quantified on AuNRs with signal enhancement of silver colloids in saliva. Raman microscope with a 785-nm laser source was used. Results and Conclusion: Obtained results showed that heroin and its metabolites can be detected and quantified in saliva samples using a SERS-based system. Additionally, the present study revealed that synergetic effect of a specific gold nano-surface with ability controlling liquid motion and silver nanoparticles increase band numbers and intensities. Therefore, we suggest a fast, accurate and cost-effective method to detect and quantify heroin in biological fluids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy as a novel tool for rapid quantification of heroin and metabolites in saliva

Akçan¹,

Yıldırım²,

Ilhan³

et al. 2020

Turk J Med Sci

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“…An all‐glass optofluidic microchip with built‐in microlenses was fabricated by a method by which the refractive index of liquid in the channel is changed . A 3D microfluidic surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform was produced using a novel technique by which a 2D periodic metal nanodot array is created inside a 3D glass microfluidic channel . 3D microfluidic devices were created using a high‐repetition rate ps laser which reduced the laser exposure time.…”

Section: Femtosecond Direct Laser Writing and Chemical Etching In Optmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in femtosecond laser processing of optical material for device applications

Choi

Schwarz

2020

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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Femtosecond laser induced changes and writing in optical materials have proven to be an excellent route to the production of high-quality micro-and nanofabrication of functional devices. In this paper we present the latest advancements in femtosecond laser processing of optical materials for device applications. We look at femtosecond direct laser writing for photonic device fabrication in fused silica and active glasses.We also discuss femtosecond laser writing and wet chemical etching in fused silica, Foturan, and chalcogenide glasses with applications in microfluidics, optics, sensors, and photonic devices.

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“…To increase the plasmonic hot spot density and strength, SERS‐active plasmonic nanostructures fabricated on the surface of the microfluidic channels with much larger EFs have been developed. Microflowers, nanodisks, nanodimers, electrostatic assembling of Au NPs patterns, nanotubes, 2D periodic Cu–Ag nanostructures, and nanorods have all been used to enhance SERS signals. For instance, Xu et al used a laser‐processing technique to fabricate Ag microflowers at the desired position inside the microfluidic channel for in‐situ monitoring of the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Photonic Crystal‐Enhanced Plasmonic Mesocapsules: Approaching Single‐Molecule Optofluidic‐SERS Sensing

Sivashanmugan

Squire

Kraai

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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Optofluidic devices are particularly well-suited for biological and chemical sensing. Especially, nanophotonic sensors employed in optofluidics have greatly overcome the limitations of conventional optical sensors in terms of size, sensitivity, specificity, tunability, photostability, and in vivo applicability. [1] Equally important, microfluidic devices enable facile delivery of sample solution to the sensing region and allow for high throughput detection. However, the limit of mass transport imposed by the laminar flow inside the microfluidic channel dictates the sensitivity and throughput of optofluidic devices. [2] In past years, various optofluidic devices have been developed using microring resonators, [3] metamaterials, [4] surface plasmon resonance (SPR), [5] and surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS). [6] As a vibrational spectroscopic technique, SERS can provide specific information about the molecular structure by the strong local optical field enhancement generated by plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) or nanostructures. [7] Most published optofluidic-SERS results were obtained utilizing either 1) colloidal metallic NPs flowing inside microfluidic channels, or 2) SERS-active plasmonic nanostructures fabricated on the surface of the microfluidic channels to provide the necessary SERS enhancement factors (EFs). Plasmonic NPs, primarily based on silver (Ag) or gold (Au), such as colloidal metallic NPs, [8] nanorods, [9] nanostars, [10] core-shell NPs, [11] and Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing in microfluidic devices, namely optofluidic-SERS, suffers an intrinsic tradeoff between mass transport and hot spot density, both of which are required for ultrasensitive detection. To overcome this compromise, photonic crystal-enhanced plasmonic mesocapsules are synthesized, utilizing diatom biosilica decorated with in-situ growth silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). In the optofluidic-SERS testing of this study, 100× higher enhancement factors and more than 1,000× better detection limit are achieved compared with traditional colloidal Ag NPs, the improvement of which is attributed to unique properties of the mesocapsules. First, the porous diatom biosilica frustules serve as carrier capsules for high density Ag NPs that form high density plasmonic hot-spots. Second, the submicron-pores embedded in the frustule walls not only create a large surface-to-volume ratio allowing for effective analyte capture, but also enhance the local optical field through the photonic crystal effect. Last, the mesocapsules provide effective mixing with analytes as they are flowing inside the microfluidic channel. The reported mesocapsules achieve single molecule detection of Rhodamine 6G in microfluidic devices and are further utilized to detect 1 × 10 −9 m of benzene and chlorobenzene compounds in tap water with near real-time response, which successfully overcomes the constraint of traditional optofluidic sensing.

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3D Microfluidic Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Chips Fabricated by All‐Femtosecond‐Laser‐Processing for Real‐Time Sensing of Toxic Substances

Cited by 148 publications

References 56 publications

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy as a novel tool for rapid quantification of heroin and metabolites in saliva

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy as a novel tool for rapid quantification of heroin and metabolites in saliva

Advances in femtosecond laser processing of optical material for device applications

Biological Photonic Crystal‐Enhanced Plasmonic Mesocapsules: Approaching Single‐Molecule Optofluidic‐SERS Sensing

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