Advances in femtosecond laser processing of optical material for device applications

Choi, Jiyeon; Schwarz, Casey M.

doi:10.1111/ijag.14979

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The field of integrated optics is continually developing at a rapid pace and constantly attracts considerable interest in applied and basic research. [ 1 ] Especially femtosecond laser inscription of optical elements inside of planar silica or crystal substrates has evolved to a mature technology [ 2 ] including applications in optical sensing, [ 3 ] telecommunication, [ 4 ] quantum computing [ 5 ] or astronomy. [ 6 ] Based on nonlinear absorption of the laser pulse energy, a localized change of the refractive index can be achieved inside of a transparent material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Photonic Crystal Waveguides Generated by Femtosecond Laser

Roth

Kefer

Hessler

et al. 2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Femtosecond laser‐based fabrication of integrated photonic crystal waveguides inside of a transparent polymer is reported. In general, the fabrication of waveguides based on femtosecond laser‐induced positive refractive index modifications is feasible. However, in transparent polymers their performance is limited since only minor refractive index changes can be achieved with this technique. These restrictions can be circumvented by generating hexagonal “photonic lattice like” waveguides, which consist of negative refractive index modifications in the cladding, enabling light confinement in the unirradiated core. A comprehensive study on the fabrication of this new class of polymer waveguide is performed as well as a characterization of its numerical aperture, mode field diameter, and attenuation. In addition, integration of Bragg gratings based on positive and negative refractive index modulations within the waveguide's core is studied. Moreover, we highlight that polymer photonic crystal waveguides are compatible with common femtosecond laser‐based internal structuring processes, enabling the creation of monolithic optofluidic devices, which is demonstrated by the fabrication of a Fabry–Pérot interferometer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Photonic Crystal Waveguides Generated by Femtosecond Laser

Roth

Kefer

Hessler

et al. 2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A large number of techniques have been employed with the aim of fabricating waveguide structures with high optical performances [21][22][23]. Femtosecond laser inscription (FLI) has emerged as an unprecedented three dimensional (3D) waveguide fabrication technology, which can be manifested in plentiful transparent materials [21,[24][25][26][27]. During the FLI process, high optical energy at the laser focus would be deposited inside the materials due to the nonlinear multi-photon absorption, resulting in a highly localized structural modification to the materials, one example of which is refractive index (RI) change that is responsible for the formation of waveguide structures [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diode-Pumped Fluorescence in Visible Range From Femtosecond Laser Inscribed Pr:LuAG Waveguides

et al. 2021

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Trivalent praseodymium (Pr3+) is the most established rare-earth ion for the direct generation of visible light. In our work, based on Pr-doped Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) single crystal, cladding waveguides are fabricated by applying femtosecond laser inscription with different parameters. The main characteristics of the waveguides such as mode distributions, propagation losses are investigated. The investigations on confocal micro-photoluminescence enable us to illustrate femtosecond laser induced modifications in Pr:LuAG matrix. The waveguides are further pumped at a wavelength of 450 nm with an InGaN laser diode. Guided fluorescence emissions in visible range covering green, yellow-green, orange and red are obtained with a maximum slope efficiency of 4 × 10−4.

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“…Direct laser writing (DLW) is a suitable technique for three-dimensional (3D) micro-and even nanostructuring [13]. Femtosecond laser processing for optical materials is a good technology to the production of high-quality micro-and nanofabrication of functional devices [14]. Femtosecond Laser Processing of Nano-Crystalline CVD Diamond Coating was studied [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Ablation Characteristics of Femyosecond Laser Nanoscale Processing for Aluminum Nitride and LeadZirconate Titanate Ceramics

Zhou

Xiong

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This paper analytically investigates an ultrashort pulsed laser nanoscale processing for aluminum nitride (AIN) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. Processing characteristics of an ultra-short pulsed laser is different from that of long-pulsed laser due to ultrahigh intensity, ultrahigh power, and ultrashort time. The ultrasmall processing for materials can achieved by an ultra-short pulsed laser. This study proposes a model to analyze an ultrashort pulsed laser nanoscale processing for aluminum nitride (AIN) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. The effects of optical penetration absorption and thermal diffusion on temperature are also discussed. The results reveal that the variation of ablation rate with laser fluences predicted by this work agrees with the available measured data for an ultrashort pulsed laser processing for AIN and PZT. For femtosecond lasers, the optical absorption and thermal diffusion, respectively, governs the ablated depth per pulse at the low and high laser fluences. The thermal diffusion length is small relative to the optical penetration depth for femtosecond laser. The optical penetration absorption governs the temperature in the workpiece. On the other hand, for the picosecond laser, the thermal diffusion length is large compared to the optical penetration depth. The thermal diffusion determines the temperature in the workpiece.

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Advances in femtosecond laser processing of optical material for device applications

Cited by 26 publications

References 112 publications

Polymer Photonic Crystal Waveguides Generated by Femtosecond Laser

Polymer Photonic Crystal Waveguides Generated by Femtosecond Laser

Diode-Pumped Fluorescence in Visible Range From Femtosecond Laser Inscribed Pr:LuAG Waveguides

Study on Ablation Characteristics of Femyosecond Laser Nanoscale Processing for Aluminum Nitride and LeadZirconate Titanate Ceramics

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