3D-printable quaternary cementitious materials towards sustainable development: Mixture design and mechanical properties

Hojati, Maryam; Li, Zhanzhao; Memari, Ali M.; Park, Keunhyoung; Zahabi, Mehrzad; Nazarian, Shadi; Duarte, José Pinto; Radlińska, Aleksandra

doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100341

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The maximum number of deposited layers before collapsing was recorded as a visual indicator for this test. A similar method is used commonly in the literature to measure the buildability of a 3D printed structure [ 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printability, Thermal and Compressive Strength Properties of Cementitious Materials: A Comparative Study with Silica Fume and Limestone

et al. 2022

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Over the past decade, 3D printing in the construction industry has received worldwide attention and developed rapidly. The research and development of cement and concrete products has also become quite well-established over the years, while other sustainable materials receive considerably lower attention in comparison. This study aims to investigate the influence of the two most commonly used sustainable cementitious materials i.e., silica fume and limestone powder, on printability, thermal and mechanical properties of fly ash–Portland cement blends. Ternary blends containing Portland cement, fly ash and silica fume or limestone powder are prepared, whereas phase change material (PCM) is introduced to improve the thermal behavior. Based on the rheological properties and concurrent 3D concrete printing, improved buildability of the modified mixtures is linked to their static yield stress. Anisotropic mechanical properties are observed for 3D printed specimens, while cast specimens exhibit a maximum 41% higher compressive strength due to better material compaction. It is clear from the results that addition of silica fume and limestone powder ranged from 5% to 10%, reducing the anisotropic mechanical properties (maximum 71% and 68% reduction in anisotropic factor, respectively) in the printed specimens. The PCM addition ranged from 5% to 10% and improved thermal performance of the mixtures, as measured by a decrease in thermal conductivity (9% and 13%) and an increase in volumetric heat capacity (9% and 10%), respectively. However, the PCM-containing mixtures show around 29% reduction in compressive strength, compared to the control specimen, which necessitates new material design considering matrix strengthening methods.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printability, Thermal and Compressive Strength Properties of Cementitious Materials: A Comparative Study with Silica Fume and Limestone

et al. 2022

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“…Binary, ternary, and quaternary cementitious blends with SCM have been studied [ 109 ], but each SCM impacts the fresh and hardened properties of the 3DPCC final product in a specific way [ 101 ]. The following sections present the SCM found in the literature survey to produce 3DPCC, both standard SCM ( Section 5.2.1 ) and unconventional ( Section 5.2.2 ).…”

Section: Powder Constituent Materials: Characterization and Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Construction Printing Standing for Sustainability and Circularity: Material-Level Opportunities

Fonseca¹,

Matos

2023

Materials

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Three-dimensional Cementitious materials Printing (3DCP) is a cutting-edge technology for the construction industry. Three-dimensional printed buildings have shown that a well-developed automated technology can foster valuable benefits, such as a freeform architectural design without formworks and reduced human intervention. However, scalability, commercialization and sustainability of the 3DPC technology remain critical issues. The current work presents the ecological fragility, challenges and opportunities inherent in decreasing the 3DCP environmental footprint at a material level (cementitious materials and aggregates). The very demanding performance of printable mixtures, namely in a fresh state, requires high dosages of cement and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). Besides the heavy carbon footprint of cement production, the standard SCM availability might be an issue, especially in the longer term. One exciting option to decrease the embodied CO2 of 3DCP is, for example, to incorporate alternative and locally available SCM as partial cement replacements. Those alternative SCM can be wastes or by-products from industries or agriculture, with no added value. Moreover, the partial replacement of natural aggregate can also bring advantages for natural resource preservation. This work has highlighted the enormous potential of 3DCP to contribute to reducing the dependence on Portland cement and to manage the current colossal wastes and by-products with no added value, shifting to a Circular Economy. Though LCA analysis, mixture design revealed a critical parameter in the environmental impact of 3DCP elements or buildings. Even though cement significantly affects the LCA of 3DCP, it is crucial to achieving adequate fresh properties and rheology. From the literature survey, mixtures formulated with alternative SCM (wastes or by-products) are still restricted to rice husk ash, Municipal Solid Waste ashes and recycled powder from construction and demolition wastes. Natural aggregate replacement research has been focused on recycled fine sand, mine tailing, copper tailing, iron tailing, ornamental stone waste, recycled glass, crumb rubber, rubber powder and granules, recycled PET bottles and steel slag. However, flowability loss and mechanical strength decrease are still critical. Research efforts are needed to find low-carbon cement replacements and mix-design optimization, leading to a more sustainable and circular 3DCP while ensuring the final product performance.

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“…A rectangular section increases the radius of curvature compared to a round nozzle. Small cracks in the outer edge caused by curvature radius reflect on the quality of the printing, strength, and buildability [ 107 ]. Figure 5 illustrates two common problems that frequently happen with rectangular nozzles when changing direction.…”

Section: Processing Earth Materials For Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extrudabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of Earth-Based Materials: A Literature Review on Mortar Composition, Extrusion, and Processing Earth

Rocha,

Faria,

Lucas

2023

Materials

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Increasing concerns about global warming and its impact on the environment reinforce the need for new materials and technologies. Additive manufacturing has become more relevant due to its potential to build sustainable and more energy-efficient constructions. However, the materials employed within the technology are not yet fully sustainable. Researchers employing clay as the main binder have found that, besides protecting the environment, it benefits passive control of indoor temperature and relative humidity and contributes to comfort. The mortar design as well as the necessary technological adaptations for the 3D printing of earth mortars are addressed. From a material perspective, this paper reviewed and analyzed the recent developments in additive manufacturing of clay-based mortars, highlighting the main gaps and providing recommendations for future developments in this field.

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3D-printable quaternary cementitious materials towards sustainable development: Mixture design and mechanical properties

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Printability, Thermal and Compressive Strength Properties of Cementitious Materials: A Comparative Study with Silica Fume and Limestone

Printability, Thermal and Compressive Strength Properties of Cementitious Materials: A Comparative Study with Silica Fume and Limestone

3D Construction Printing Standing for Sustainability and Circularity: Material-Level Opportunities

Additive Manufacturing of Earth-Based Materials: A Literature Review on Mortar Composition, Extrusion, and Processing Earth

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