3D-Printed Biosensor Arrays for Medical Diagnostics

Sharafeldin, Mohamed; Jones, Abby; Rusling, James F.

doi:10.3390/mi9080394

Cited by 85 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…There are multiple 3D printing techniques available for manufacturing 3D objects, but the nature of the chosen material is which dictates the 3D printing technology to be used. [12,13,14] Since electrodes must be conductive, the first generation of 3D-printed electrochemical sensors mainly involved the use of metal-based materials. [15] However, printing of metal devices requires cost expensive equipment as well as additional post-treatments with another metal materials to achieve suitable sensing platforms for electroanalysis.…”

Section: D-printed Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounts in 3D‐Printed Electrochemical Sensors: Towards Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants

Muñoz

Pumera

2020

ChemElectroChem

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Heavy metal ions, small organic molecules and inorganic pollutants are some environmentally hazardous compounds that negatively impact the ecosystem and public health, owing to their high toxicity, persistency and bioaccumulation. This makes it essential to develop rapid, simple, low‐cost and sensitive devices for in situ monitoring of these toxic contaminants. In this sense, 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technique, which is transforming the way that materials are turned into functional devices by prototyping bespoke 3D materials via layer‐by‐layer deposition. This technology can offer enormous potential to environmental devices, where electrochemical sensing platforms have been on the rise, as they offer decentralized and tailored fabrication of on‐demand, low‐cost, at‐point‐of‐use systems. Although this research is still in an early stage, this Minireview aims to point out the most widely used additive manufacturing technology and materials for 3D‐printed electrode fabrication, as well as some pivotal activation procedural steps necessary to enhance their electroanalytical capabilities. Indeed, the potential of 3D‐printed electrochemical sensors to monitor a range of important hazardous pollutants in aqueous samples is reported, visualizing the future of this technology to develop integrated low‐cost analytical electronic systems for direct environmental detection in remote areas of the globe.

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Section: D-printed Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounts in 3D‐Printed Electrochemical Sensors: Towards Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants

Muñoz

Pumera

2020

ChemElectroChem

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“…To make 3D complex constructs, the additive manufacturing technique of 3D printing provides a rapid process to construct the user-desired structures by layer-by-layer stacking materials. Thus, 3D printing is a suitable candidate for fabricate various types of biosensors [52]. Palenzula and co-workers provide a proof-of-concept to make ring-and disk-shaped electrodes by printing a graphene/poly(lactic acid) ink for electrochemical sensing (Figure 1c) [32].…”

Section: Current Technology For Fabrication Of Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Trends of Biosensors in Tissue Engineering

Lee

2020

Biosensors

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Biosensors constitute selective, sensitive, and rapid tools for disease diagnosis in tissue engineering applications. Compared to standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analytical technology, biosensors provide a strategy to real-time and on-site monitor micro biophysiological signals via a combination of biological, chemical, and physical technologies. This review summarizes the recent and significant advances made in various biosensor technologies for different applications of biological and biomedical interest, especially on tissue engineering applications. Different fabrication techniques utilized for tissue engineering purposes, such as computer numeric control (CNC), photolithographic, casting, and 3D printing technologies are also discussed. Key developments in the cell/tissue-based biosensors, biomolecular sensing strategies, and the expansion of several biochip approaches such as organs-on-chips, paper based-biochips, and flexible biosensors are available. Cell polarity and cell behaviors such as proliferation, differentiation, stimulation response, and metabolism detection are included. Biosensors for diagnosing tissue disease modes such as brain, heart, lung, and liver systems and for bioimaging are discussed. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced by current biosensing techniques and highlight future prospects of biosensors for tissue engineering applications.

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“…The initial computer aided design (CAD) file is then sliced into printable layers using slicing software specific for each desktop 3D printer. The 3D printer then physically prints layers on top of each other to form the final product [30]. Recently, a more advanced printing technique, tomographic volumetric 3D printing, has been used to print the whole design in one step eliminating the need for slicing and layer-by-layer printing which in turn drastically reduces printing time [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed Immunosensor Arrays for Cancer Diagnostics

Sharafeldin

Kadimisetty

Bhalerao

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Detecting cancer at an early stage of disease progression promises better treatment outcomes and longer lifespans for cancer survivors. Research has been directed towards the development of accessible and highly sensitive cancer diagnostic tools, many of which rely on protein biomarkers and biomarker panels which are overexpressed in body fluids and associated with different types of cancer. Protein biomarker detection for point-of-care (POC) use requires the development of sensitive, noninvasive liquid biopsy cancer diagnostics that overcome the limitations and low sensitivities associated with current dependence upon imaging and invasive biopsies. Among many endeavors to produce user-friendly, semi-automated, and sensitive protein biomarker sensors, 3D printing is rapidly becoming an important contemporary tool for achieving these goals. Supported by the widely available selection of affordable desktop 3D printers and diverse printing options, 3D printing is becoming a standard tool for developing low-cost immunosensors that can also be used to make final commercial products. In the last few years, 3D printing platforms have been used to produce complex sensor devices with high resolution, tailored towards researchers’ and clinicians’ needs and limited only by their imagination. Unlike traditional subtractive manufacturing, 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has drastically reduced the time of sensor and sensor array development while offering excellent sensitivity at a fraction of the cost of conventional technologies such as photolithography. In this review, we offer a comprehensive description of 3D printing techniques commonly used to develop immunosensors, arrays, and microfluidic arrays. In addition, recent applications utilizing 3D printing in immunosensors integrated with different signal transduction strategies are described. These applications include electrochemical, chemiluminescent (CL), and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) 3D-printed immunosensors. Finally, we discuss current challenges and limitations associated with available 3D printing technology and future directions of this field.

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3D-Printed Biosensor Arrays for Medical Diagnostics

Cited by 85 publications

References 131 publications

Accounts in 3D‐Printed Electrochemical Sensors: Towards Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants

Accounts in 3D‐Printed Electrochemical Sensors: Towards Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants

The Current Trends of Biosensors in Tissue Engineering

3D-Printed Immunosensor Arrays for Cancer Diagnostics

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