“…Rapid prototyping or 3-dimensional (3D) printing has recently gained a great interest among medical professionals to deliver personalized medicine based on patient-specific anatomical data. Three-dimensional printing has been frequently used in multiple health-care sectors including interventional radiology (Itagaki, 2015), cardiology (Farooqi et al, 2016), radiation oncology (Burleson et al, 2015), urology (Youssef et al, 2015), and surgery (Hoch et al, 2014; Chae et al, 2015; Malik et al, 2015; Obregon et al, 2015; Schmauss et al, 2015; Weinstock et al, 2015; Anderson et al, 2016; Mulford et al, 2016; Ghizoni et al, 2017) for surgical planning, intraoperative guidance, and the production of custom implants.…”