3D-Printed Ginsenoside Rb1-Loaded Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Calcium Sulfate Scaffolds for Inflammation Inhibition and Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Bone defects are commonly found in the elderly and athletic population due to systemic diseases such as osteoporosis and trauma. Bone scaffolds have since been developed to enhance bone regeneration by acting as a biological extracellular scaffold for cells. The main advantage of a bone scaffold lies in its ability to provide various degrees of structural support and growth factors for cellular activities. Therefore, we designed a 3D porous scaffold that can not only provide sufficient mechanical properties but also carry drugs and promote cell viability. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GR) is an extract from panax ginseng, which has been used for bone regeneration and repair since ancient Chinese history. In this study, we fabricated scaffolds using various concentrations of GR with mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate (MSCS) and investigated the scaffold’s physical and chemical characteristic properties. PrestoBlue, F-actin staining, and ELISA were used to demonstrate the effect of the GR-contained MSCS scaffold on cell proliferation, morphology, and expression of the specific osteogenic-related protein of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). According to our data, hDPSCs cultivated in GR-contained MSCS scaffold had preferable abilities of proliferation and higher expression of the osteogenic-related protein and could effectively inhibit inflammation. Finally, in vivo performance was assessed using histological results that revealed the GR-contained MSCS scaffolds were able to further achieve more effective hard tissue regeneration than has been the case in the past. Taken together, this study demonstrated that a GR-containing MSCS 3D scaffold could be used as a potential alternative for future bone tissue engineering studies and has good potential for clinical use.

The Development of Light-Curable Calcium-Silicate-Containing Composites Used in Odontogenic Regeneration

“…could be attributed to the presence of tricalcium silicate (C3S) and dicalcium silicate (C2S), respectively, emerged when CS particles were introduced to the PEGDA solution [24]. As expected, the intensities of the peaks corresponding to the calcium silicate were increased, while those corresponding to the PEGDA were decreased, when the CS content in PEGDA was increased from 10 wt% (CS10) to 20 wt% (CS30) [25].…”

“…A strong and broad peak in the 2θ range between 20° and 25° can be seen in the XRD pattern of CS0, indicating the amorphous nature of PEGDA specimens. In contrast, newly formed characteristic peaks located at 29.6° and 32.6°/34.2°, which could be attributed to the presence of tricalcium silicate (C3S) and dicalcium silicate (C2S), respectively, emerged when CS particles were introduced to the PEGDA solution [ 24 ]. As expected, the intensities of the peaks corresponding to the calcium silicate were increased, while those corresponding to the PEGDA were decreased, when the CS content in PEGDA was increased from 10 wt% (CS10) to 20 wt% (CS30) [ 25 ].…”

Synergies of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell-Laden Calcium Silicate-Activated Gelatin Methacrylate for Accelerating 3D Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell Differentiation for Endodontic Regeneration

“…Si ions have been demonstrated to promote vascularization by inducing secretion of angiogenic-related factors from nearby fibroblasts [ 23 ]. Furthermore, the release of Si ions were also proven to regulate bone or tooth regeneration in various types of stem cells, notably hDPSCs [ 24 , 25 ]. Dashnyam et al concluded that the release of appropriate Si ions, up to several ppm, into the surrounding fluid had several roles to play in increasing angiogenesis.…”

Mesoporous Calcium-Silicate Nanoparticles Loaded with Low-Dose Triton-100+Ag+ to Achieve Both Enhanced Antibacterial Properties and Low Cytotoxicity for Dentin Disinfection of Human Teeth

“…Mesoporous calcium-silicate nanoparticles (MCSNs) have been reported as an ideal carrier for various bioactive molecules delivery due to their special porous structures and excellent biocompatibility [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. MCSNs have been widely used to deliver antibiotics, anti-cancer drugs, and other chemicals [ 16 , 17 ].…”