3D-Printed Pseudo Ductile Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composite Using Discrete Fiber Orientations

Abstract

The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials are continuously growing in civil infrastructure due to their high strength, low weight, and manufacturing flexibility. However, FRP is characterized by sudden failure and lacks ductility. When used in construction, gradual failure of FRP components is desired to avoid catastrophic structural collapse. Due to its mechanical orthotropy, the behavior of FRP relies significantly on fiber orientation and stacking sequence. In this paper, a novel multi-angled glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminate showing pseudo ductile behavior is produced using 3D-printing. This is accomplished by varying fiber orientation angles, stacking sequence, and thickness of lamina. Single-angled GFRP composite specimens were 3D-printed with different fiber orientation angles of 0°, 12°, 24°, 30°, 45°, and 90° using continuous and fused filament techniques. The tension test results of the single-angled specimens were then used to aid the design of multi-angled laminate for potential progressive failure behavior. A 3D finite element (FE) model was developed to predict the response of the experimental results and to provide insight into the failure mechanism of the multi-angled laminate. The experimental observations and the FE simulations show the possibility of producing pseudo ductile FRP-by-design composite using 3D-printing technology, which leads the way to fabricate next-generation composites for civil infrastructure.

Investigation of 3D printing strategy on the mechanical performance of coextruded continuous carbon fiber reinforced PETG

“…PETG‐CCF printed at 45°/− 45° had the maximum elongation at break of around 23% due to the deboning between PETG‐CCF layers. Higher elongation at break exceeding 20% was also obtained by S. Vemuganti et al using another fiber type 42 . However, all other specimens at different raster orientations had lower elongations at break of around 2.5%, showing brittle behavior as illustrated in Figure 16.…”

Fabrication and Characterization of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Sandwich Structures Obtained by Fused Filament Fabrication Process

“…The modulus of elasticity, used in the FEA model, for CFRP1 has the value of 8110 MPa, and for the fiberglass core the value is 4000 MPa. The Poisson's ratio was assumed to be that of the composite filament, so that for the carbon fiber skin, it had the value of 0.3 [55,56], and for the fiberglass, 0.25 [57]. Finite element analysis of composite sandwich structures was used following two aspects: comparative study between the failure behavior of composite sandwich specimens, tested at three-point bending/tensile, and the result obtained from finite element analysis of the same specimens; comparative study of the maximum forces appearing at the rupture of the specimens tested at bending in three points/tensile and the reaction forces, appearing in the structure of the supports, from the model with finite elements.…”

Effect of continuous fiber orientations on quasi‐static indentation properties in 3D printed hybrid continuous carbon/Kevlar fiber reinforced composites

“…Therefore, the higher effective stiffness of M-KC-45 could be attributed to the smaller relative orientation between adjacent fiber layers compared to M-KC-90 . 41 In stage 2, after the first force drop, the force went through several knee points and continued to increase until reaching the maximum value. During this stage, the earliest damage mode, debonding between adjacent fibers filaments, was observed in both M-KC-90 and M-KC-45 (see Figure 8B ② ⑤).…”

“…In stage 1, M‐KC‐45° owned a larger number of effective fibers to resist deformation than M‐KC‐90° 38–40 as shown in Figure 9. Therefore, the higher effective stiffness of M‐KC‐45° could be attributed to the smaller relative orientation between adjacent fiber layers compared to M‐KC‐90° 41 …”