3d Printing: A Review

Abstract

Introduction: During 1400 AD woodblock printing and subs sequent evolution of industrial scale printing press took place which helped in quick reproduction of images, information dissemination and text. Advancement in printing technology took place in past few decades from 2D to 3D and this advancement was more complex and difficult to happen. Quick prototyping could be possible due to the evolution of 3D printing and initially used by manufacturing companies to make similar structures of various electrical components and other objects. In incorporation to the applications in the manufacturing and consumer sectors, 3D printing can transform science and education surely. Materials & Methods: There are three basic approaches of 3D bioprinting and are as Abstract: This review article is a summary of organ and tissue showing 3D printing. Processing 3D of appropriate shape, structure and size is the most difficult and challenging job for tissue engineering Tissue organ printer is being presented by us which is exclusively designed for constructing similar shapes and sizes, which is possible by using biodegradable polymers while printing cell-laden hydrogels. The right shape of the tissue can be attained and it is possible by representing clinical imaging data as computer model of the anatomical defect and also to interpret the model into various programs that are used to control the movement of the printer nozzles. The incorporation of micro channels into the tissue constructs facilitated diffusion of nutrients to printed cells, and as a result it overcomes the diffusion limit of 100-200 µm for cell survival in engineered tissues. We demonstrated the ability of ITOP by making mandible and calvarial bones, cartilages and skeletal muscles. The ITOP can be used in future in developing or making of more complex tissues and organs of solid nature.

Process fundamentals and quality investigation in extrusion 3D printing of shear thinning materials: extrusion process based on Nishihara model

“…Due to the high shear stress, it is generally believed that the cell survival rate of extrusion 3D printing (the cell survival rate is about 60%) is often lower than that of other printing methods such as ink-jet printing (85%), stereo lithography appearance (80%) and laser induced forward transfer (95%) [13] . In order to solve this problem, many ink materials nowadays have the property of shear thinning, which makes the apparent viscosity of ink decrease with the applied high shear stress, so as to reduce the damage of shear stress to cells.…”