3D printing in aerospace and its long-term sustainability

Joshi, Sunil Chandrakant; Sheikh, Abdullah Azhar

doi:10.1080/17452759.2015.1111519

Cited by 488 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…While PM remains relevant for many industrial applications (especially those requiring a high final sinter density), it is the rise of AM processes such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) that looks to revolutionize metallurgical materials manufacturing. Examples of this span multiple industries: both established and newer aerospace companies, such as Rolls Royce and SpaceX, are using AM to produce parts such as jet turbines and rocket engines where AM allows the formation of complex, lightweight structures impossible under prior methods; AM has a long history as a rapid prototyping methodology in automotive manufacturing, currently representing a >$1.5B USD industry globally, with this expected to increase to >$12B USD by 2028, of which metallic AM processes will represent an ≈$3.7B USD share; and 3D‐printed, customized medical implants have already been manufactured and implanted in patients …”

Section: Rare Earth Application To Magnesium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of the Rare Earths to Magnesium and Titanium Metallurgy in Australia

Biesiekierski

Wen

2019

Advanced Materials

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These elements have huge relevance in the modern world, in applications spanning electronics, biomedicine, structural materials, and more; many rely on their unique electronic properties as the only nonradioactive elements with electrons occupying the f-subshell. [1] However, REEs have long been topics of moderate interest for their application in metallurgy, such as the bulk purification of steels and other alloys, or the improvement of the hightemperature properties of Mg alloys. [3] In recent years, however, progress in materials science has intensified interest in the REE elements. Notably, these are the rise of magnesium (Mg)-based alloys for both biodegradable implant materials and highly weight-sensitive applications in the automotive and aerospace sectors, and the growth of powder-metallurgy (PM) and additive-manufacturing (AM) fabrication methods for titanium (Ti). This change can be seen graphically in Figure 1, with the sharp spike in publications starting shortly after the new millennium. Thus, the importance of REEs, particularly the L-REEs, is highlighted in both the biomedical sector and in high-performance aerospace and automotive roles. Given the biomedical sector represented some 62 000 jobs and $4.9 billion of value to the national GDP in 2016, [5] Australia is well positioned to benefit from advances in biomedical technology; the recent launch of the Australian Space Agency suggests that the aerospace sector may soon grow as well. [6] As such, here, we will attempt to summarize relevant research over the past decade in this field, highlighting work from Australian institutions; the aim of this summary is to help assist in both understanding the current state-of-the-art, and to identify promising areas for future research where Australia is well positioned to leverage existing expertise. Rare Earth Application to Magnesium AlloysMuch of the current research on REE-containing alloys is concerned with Mg alloy systems. Mg-based alloys have long been attractive options in aerospace and automotive applications; at ≈1.7-8 g cm −3 , Mg-based alloys have the lowest density of the common structural metals by a substantial margin, [7] yielding exceptional specific strengths/stiffnesses ideal for weightsensitive applications. Beyond aerospace and automotive sectors, however, the last two decades have seen the sharp rise in interest by the biomedical sector. In this regard, Mg and its alloys are again well suited; Mg shows exceedingly low toxicities coupled with numerous bioactive effects, and can achieve Rare earth elements (REEs) have found application in metallurgical processes for nearly a century due to their unique chemical and physical properties but have gained increased attention in recent decades. Notably, the use of these elements may assist in the development of advanced magnesium and titanium products for applications spanning biomedicine, aerospace, and the automotive industry. To this end, current progress in this area, highlighting work done in Australian research organizations with partic...

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Section: Rare Earth Application To Magnesium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of the Rare Earths to Magnesium and Titanium Metallurgy in Australia

Biesiekierski

Wen

2019

Advanced Materials

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“…This has significantly simplified the fabrication process and reduced the design period to avoid the troublesome trial‐and‐error process . Due to the unique advantages, it has been extensively applied in many fields such as food, medical, electronics, and aerospace . In recent years, 3D printing has also been utilized to manufacture energy devices such as batteries and supercapacitors for specific applications in laboratories .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of Batteries

Pang

Cao

Chu

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

226

129

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Additive manufacturing, i.e., 3D printing, is being increasingly utilized to fabricate a variety of complex-shaped electronics and energy devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells) due to its excellent process flexibility, good geometry controllability, as well as cost and material waste reduction. In this review, the recent advances in 3D printing of emerging batteries are emphasized and discussed. The recent progress in fabricating 3D-printed batteries through the major 3D-printing methods, including lithographybased 3D printing, template-assisted electrodeposition-based 3D printing, inkjet printing, direct ink writing, fused deposition modeling, and aerosol jet printing, are first summarized. Then, the significant achievements made in the development and printing of battery electrodes and electrolytes are highlighted. Finally, major challenges are discussed and potential research frontiers in developing 3D-printed batteries are proposed. It is expected that with the continuous development of printing techniques and materials, 3D-printed batteries with long-term durability, favorable safety as well as high energy and power density will eventually be widely used in many fields.

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“…3D printing also offers unrestricted design freedom for manufacturers. Given these advantages, 3D printing has experienced tremendous growth in recent years and found applications in various domains such as biomedical [2][3][4], automotive [5], food [6][7][8], construction [9], aerospace [10], education [11], and even cosmetic industry [12]. Stereolithography (SLA) was one of the first invented and commercialized 3D printing techniques [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed fiber optic faceplates by custom controlled fused deposition modeling

et al. 2018

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A 3D printing technique for manufacturing air-clad coherent fiber optic faceplates is presented. The custom G-code programming is implemented on a fused deposition modeling (FDM) desktop printer to additively draw optical fibers using high-transparency thermoplastic filaments. The 3D printed faceplate consists of 20000 fibers and achieves spatial resolution 1.78 LP/mm. Transmission loss and crosstalk are characterized and compared among the faceplates printed from four kinds of transparent filaments as well as different faceplate thicknesses. The printing temperature is verified by testing the transmission of the faceplates printed under different temperatures. Compared with the conventional stack-and-draw fabrication, the FDM 3D printing technique simplifies the fabrication procedure. The ability to draw fibers with arbitrary organization, structure and overall shape provides additional degree of freedom to opto-mechanical design. Our results indicate a promising capability of 3D printing as the manufacturing technology for fiber optical devices.

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3D printing in aerospace and its long-term sustainability

Abstract: Francis. It incorporates referee's comments but changes resulting from the publishing process, such as copyediting, structural formatting, may not be reflected in this document.

Cited by 488 publications

References 32 publications

The Application of the Rare Earths to Magnesium and Titanium Metallurgy in Australia

The Application of the Rare Earths to Magnesium and Titanium Metallurgy in Australia

Additive Manufacturing of Batteries

3D printed fiber optic faceplates by custom controlled fused deposition modeling

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