3D Printing On-Water Sports Boards with Bio-Inspired Core Designs

Abstract

Modeling and analyzing the sports equipment for injury prevention, reduction in cost, and performance enhancement have gained considerable attention in the sports engineering community. In this regard, the structure study of on-water sports board (surfboard, kiteboard, and skimboard) is vital due to its close relation with environmental and human health as well as performance and safety of the board. The aim of this paper is to advance the on-water sports board through various bio-inspired core structure designs such as honeycomb, spiderweb, pinecone, and carbon atom configuration fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Fused deposition modeling was employed to fabricate complex structures from polylactic acid (PLA) materials. A 3D-printed sample board with a uniform honeycomb structure was designed, 3D printed, and tested under three-point bending conditions. A geometrically linear analytical method was developed for the honeycomb core structure using the energy method and considering the equivalent section for honeycombs. A geometrically non-linear finite element method based on the ABAQUS software was also employed to simulate the boards with various core designs. Experiments were conducted to verify the analytical and numerical results. After validation, various patterns were simulated, and it was found that bio-inspired functionally graded honeycomb structure had the best bending performance. Due to the absence of similar designs and results in the literature, this paper is expected to advance the state of the art of on-water sports boards and provide designers with structures that could enhance the performance of sports equipment.

Deformation Process of 3D Printed Structures Made from Flexible Material with Different Values of Relative Density

“…Some of them have multifunctional properties that offer the possibility of using them in cutting-edge products in the aerospace industry [ 11 ], the automotive industry, robotics [ 14 ], electronics, and biotechnology [ 20 , 21 ]. Reinforced with fibres, they exhibit a high mechanical strength, significantly higher than typical ABS or PLA materials [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Some of the representatives of the mentioned group of special filaments are flexible and high plasticity materials [ 17 , 25 ].…”

Academic Insights and Perspectives in 3D Printing: A Bibliometric Review

“…For the ACPP, the Jennifer A. Lewis group ranks the first with 187.94, followed by Ali Khademhosseini (99.82) and Dong-Woo Cho (68.8). Moreover, Lewis and Khademhosseini both achieve the highest h-index of 26, followed by Dong-woo Cho (25) and Lijie Grace Zhang (23). Yong He and Min Zhang started publishing work on 3D printing in 2015 and 2017, respectively, and remain very active in this area, as shown in Figure 8.…”

“…Sci. 2021, 11, 8298 2 of 23 sports [23,24], toy industries [25][26][27], food supply chains [28][29][30], agriculture [31], earth science [32] and robotics [33,34].…”

Shape-Adaptive Metastructures with Variable Bandgap Regions by 4D Printing

“…This research is likely to advance the state-of-the-art 4D printing and unlock potentials in the design of functional metastructures for a broad range of applications in acoustic and structural engineering, including sound wave filters and waveguides. much attention due to their lower density, higher recoverable strain of up to 400%, lower cost, simple shape programming procedure, and excellent controllability over the recovery temperature [3,4].In the recent two decades, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has gained considerable attention as an advanced manufacturing technique that can create complex objects through depositing materials in a layer-by-layer manner [5][6][7][8][9]. With the introduction of active materials, 3D printing approaches have shown excellent potential for the fabrication of adaptive structures, namely four-dimensional (4D) printed structures, with the capability of reshaping their configuration and changing their properties over time [10][11][12].…”

“…In the recent two decades, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has gained considerable attention as an advanced manufacturing technique that can create complex objects through depositing materials in a layer-by-layer manner [5][6][7][8][9]. With the introduction of active materials, 3D printing approaches have shown excellent potential for the fabrication of adaptive structures, namely four-dimensional (4D) printed structures, with the capability of reshaping their configuration and changing their properties over time [10][11][12].…”