3D Reconstruction of a Single Bubble in Transparent Media Using Three Orthographic Digital Images

Abstract

This work proposed a method to reconstruct the 3D bubble shape in a transparent medium utilizing the three orthographic digital images. The bubble was divided into several ellipse slices. The azimuth angle and projection parameters were extracted from the top view image, while the formulas for dimensionless semi-axes were derived according to the geometric projection relationship. The elliptical axes of each layer were calculated by substituting the projection width into the formulas. All layers of slices were stacked to form the 3D bubble shape. Reconstruction accuracy was evaluated with spheres, ellipsoids, and inverted teardrops. The results show that the position contributes greatly to the reconstruction accuracy of the bubbles with serious horizontal deformation. The method in Bian et al. (2013) is sensitive to both horizontal and vertical deformations. The vertical deformation has little influence on the method in Fujiwara et al. (2004), whereas the horizontal deformation greatly impacts its accuracy. The method in this paper is negligibly affected by vertical deformation, but it does better in reconstructing single bubbles with large horizontal deformation. The azimuth angle affects the accuracy of the methods in Bian et al. (2013) and Fujiwara et al. (2004) more than the method in this paper.

Experimental Study on the Time-Dependent Characteristics of MLPS Transparent Soil Strength

“…Three digital cameras (Baumer VCXG-13M, Frauenfeld, Switzerland), all connected to a computer, were utilized simultaneously for the front, side, and top views. Each camera took 90 frames per second and had a matrix of 1024 pixels × 1280 pixels [ 34 ].…”

“…(Baumer VCXG-13M, Frauenfeld, Switzerland), all connected to a c simultaneously for the front, side, and top views. Each camera too and had a matrix of 1024 pixels × 1280 pixels [34]. The sample prepared for disturbance tests was severely destructed by a stainless steel stirring rod 400 mm long and 8 mm in diameter.…”