3D thermal history and maturity modelling of the Levant Basin and its eastern margin, offshore–onshore Lebanon

Integrated 3D forward stratigraphic and petroleum system modeling of the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean

“…Calculated volumes of generated hydrocarbon must be regarded as rough estimates owing to uncertainties in reaction kinetics, TOC content and distribution of source rocks in the offshore. Hence, the assessment of results is carried out qualitatively laying the focus on timing and migration trends using thermal calibrations and source rock kinetics previously conducted by Bou Daher et al (). Results on simulated vitrinite reflectance and transformation ratios for considered source rock intervals which were presented in Bou Daher et al () (see also Table ) are provided in Supporting Information Figure S8.…”

“…Hence, the assessment of results is carried out qualitatively laying the focus on timing and migration trends using thermal calibrations and source rock kinetics previously conducted by Bou Daher et al (). Results on simulated vitrinite reflectance and transformation ratios for considered source rock intervals which were presented in Bou Daher et al () (see also Table ) are provided in Supporting Information Figure S8. In general, post‐Jurassic source rocks are thermally immature in the onshore, but are likely to have reached higher thermal maturity in the offshore owing to greater burial depth and related higher temperatures.…”

“…The two classes (oil and gas) kinetic schemes used for the six source rock intervals were defined after results from Bou Daher et al (), Bou Daher et al,(, Supporting Information Table S2) and reaction kinetics of hydrocarbon fractions were partly adjusted to allow for thermal secondary cracking (Table , Supporting Information Table S2).…”

“…A key step in the workflow is the transfer of the stratigraphic modeling results to the petroleum system model to best account for petrophysical properties distribution in the basin. Geochemical parameters were integrated from previous source rock studies (Bou Daher et al, 2016. Further fluid migration scenarios were created considering selected fault systems (Ghalayini et al, 2014;Ghalayini, Homberg, Daniel, & Nader, 2017).…”

“…In the simulation, only the deepest Permian and T A B L E 4 Summary of fault system properties according to Ghalayini et al (2014) 90% in the majority of the deep offshore, especially for Cenomanian source rocks leading to the conclusion that oil generation is terminated. In addition to numerical modeling of source rock maturation and petroleum generation (see Bou Daher et al, 2016), this study assesses possible migration trends and accumulation of hydrocarbon fluids. Until the Paleocene, the simulation shows only minor accumulations of hydrocarbons (Figure 8a), especially in the offshore within limestones to dolomites in Permian and Triassic units.…”